_       __  _____  __   _ __    ___    ____  _ __    ___
   ' )   / / ')  /    /  ) ' )  )  /   )    /   ' )  )  /   )
    / / / /  /  /    /--/   /  /  / ___    /     /  /  / ___
   (_(_/ (__/  (    /  (_  /  (_ (___/ '__/_    /  (_ (___/ '       O
      ____   _    ,  ___   _    , ___                           O   o   O
       /    ' )  /  /   ) ' )  / /   '                        O     o     O
      /      /-<   /       /--/ /--    VOLUME 04, ISSUE 047  O o o     o o O
   __/_     /   ) (___/   /  ( (___,     23 November 1996     O     o     O
     KANOHEDA ANIYVWIYA      Otapi'sin  Atsinikiisinaakssin     O   o   O
    Es'te Opunvk'vmucvse          Aunchemokauhettittea              O
                    ( N A T I V E    A M E R I C A N   N E W S )

    This issue contains articles from AISESnet, NATWORK, INNU-L & NATIVE-L
 listservers; Newsgroups: alt.native, soc.culture.native,igc.indig.education;
                              UUCP & genie email

 Articles appearing have been previously posted for public dissemination
 and/or permission for inclusion has been secured.
 Letters of authorization are on file.  A list of those granting permission
 to repost their words in this issue are listed at the end of part A.
 I thank each of you for allowing your words to be shared with the people.
               <----<<<<                           >>>>---->
   This newsletter is a way of keeping the brothers and sisters who share our
 Spirit informed about current events within the lives of those who walk the
 Red Road.

   Thanks to Don Rayment ,don.rayment@uptowne.com, Wotanging Ikche/
   Kanoheda Aniyvwiya is being redistributed via a listserver.
   If you would like to receive Wotanging Ikche via the listserver,
   you can send a message to listserv@uptowne.com and include, in the
   body of your message "sub wotanging.ikche <your email address>"

    Thanks to Marc Becker and David Cole issues of Wotanging Ikche/
    Kanoheda Aniyvwiya are being archived at a World-Wide-Web site.
    - The URL is http://web.maxwell.syr.edu/nativeweb/journals/nanews

   Thanks to Borries Demeler all _Wotanging_Ikche_ (part a) submissions
   to AISESnet are archived under AISESnet and can be accessed easily by
   World Wide Web:
     1994:   http://bioc02.uthscsa.edu/94_dis.html
     1995:   http://bioc02.uthscsa.edu/95_dis.html
     1996:   http://bioc02.uthscsa.edu/96_dis.html
   This is a searchable index to the AISESnet Discussion mailing list
   database archive, and the keyword "Wotanging" will retrieve all
   issues for that year.

   "As Indians we will never have the efficient organization that gains great
    concessions from society in the marketplace.  We will never have a
    powerful lobby or be a smashing political force.  But we will have the
    intangible unity which has carried us through four centuries of
    persecution.  We are a People unified by our humanity...not a pressure
    group unified for conquest...And from our greater strength we shall wear
    down the Dominant Culture and finally outlast him...We shall Endure
    __ Vine Deloria, Jr,  Sioux

  +- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -+
  |   Indian Pledge of Allegiance   |      The  Indian Pledge of Alleg-
  |                                 |      iance  was  first  presented
  | I pledge allegiance to my Tribe,|      on 2 December '93 during the
  |  to the democratic principles   |      opening  address of the Nat-
  |       of the Republic           |      ional Congress  of  American
  |  and to the individual freedoms |      Indian  Tribal-States Relat-
  |  borrowed from the Iroquois and |      ions Panel in Reno, NV. NCAI
  |      Choctaw Confederacies,     |      plans  distribution  of  the
  |  as incorporated in the United  |      Indian Pledge to all  Indian
  |       States Constitution,      |      Nations.
  |      so that my forefathers     |
  |   shall not have died in vain   |      Walk in Beauty!    Night Owl
  +- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -+

 O'siyo Brothers and Sisters!

   Recently, two Cherokee ladies labored to make a shipment of clothing
 available to help Lakota on the Pine Ridge Reservation make it through
 another harsh South Dakota winter.  The two are a Mother and Daughter team,
 Shirley Pharis (Mom) and Michelle Funk (Daughter).  Helping coordinate
 this effort, though he denied credit, was Jordan Dill.

   The night the clothes arrived I received the following message:
   Please pass on that the truck got there ok, and that all the things
 disappeared in moments by a group of VERY APPRECIATIVE people!

   This message arrived the next morning:
   The truck arrived yesterday, and 3 people helped unload all 107 boxes in
 20 minutes.  The first priority for the donations were the folks out in the
 rural districts who are in the most desperate need.  Since many of them don't
 have cars or transportation of any kind and since many also live in areas
 that are VERY inaccessible, a truck was loaded and shuttled them in to the
 distribution site.  After they were taken care of, the rest of the donations
 were distributed to families living in the housing project in Wounded Knee.
   ***EVERY SINGLE ITEM*** went to someone who DESPERATELY needed it.

   Complete distribution occurred in an hour because it was a cold day and
 many who received donations are elderly, in poor health, or are children -
 they all needed to be outside for as short a time as possible.  While the
 distribution was going on, folks gathered in groups around the bonfire in
 the arbor, ate the food that had been prepared, and socialized, just like in
 the old days when a giveaway was given.  Children, instead of fighting over
 coats and WITHOUT ANY ADULT TELLING THEM TO FIRST, were picking the coats up
 carefully, trying them on, and then swapping with each other to match sizes
 to each other:  "Here, this will fit you better than me" and "This is your
 size, I think".

   I cannot begin to tell you how much this has meant.  It brings tears to my
 eyes, as it did to my family's, to be able to do this, make this difference.
 To be able to let my people know that there ARE those who care enough to send
 the very best, even though we are all strangers and live in different parts
 of Turtle Island in very different ways.

   So, though the words "thank you" carry so little of what we are truly
 feeling, it is the best we can do.  Therefore, on behalf of everyone,
 WOPILATICELO TANKA!!!!!!!
  ------------------------ end of message ------------------------------

   This week I also learned from Lora Dika-Ni Czarnowsky she will be sending
 several boxes of clothing.

   I do not tell this to embarrass these three women by drawing attention to
 them.  I do this to offer an example to all that one or two people can make
 a huge difference in the lives of others of the First Nations.  I thank
 these ladies for giving us all a way to bring into our own hearts.  Gift
 giving is at the very core of traditional belief.  I would tell any who
 read this to look into your own heart and ask if you are honoring your way.

 Peace!  Night Owl

      , ,        Gary Night Owl                      gars@netcom.com
     (*,*)       P. O. Box 672168                    gars@juno.com
     (`-')       Marietta, GA 30006, U .S.A.         gars@igc.apc.org
   ===w=w===                                         gars@genie.com

 ----------- News of the people featured in this issue ----------
 Part A: Usenet and e-mail               Part B: NATCHAT and NATIVE-L lists
 - Anti-Indian Comments                  - Conferences and Powwows - online
 - Big Mountain Deadline New Year's Day  - Peltier to Judicial Committee
 - Open Letter; President Clinton        - Chippewa Tribe Government Reform
 - Delewares Win Round One               - Save Sacred Site in Oregon
 - Separation Anxiety                    - US Military Involvement in Chiapas
 - Chief's Legal Counsel Defends Racist  - Mexico/Quebec Natural Gas Compacts
 - Innu Opposition to Labrador Smelter   - Innu Nation Environmental Job
 - Netherlands Debate on Innu            - Native America Calling
 - Protecting Heritage and Cultures
 - Historic Agreements Signed
 - Guinea Pigs
 - Canadian Gov. Attacks NA Activists
 - Decline at IAIA
 - Northwest Job Opportunity
 - Oneida Press Operator Job
 - Essay Coordinator Sought
 - Seven Philosophies for a NA Man
 - Poem: An Ode to Ego
 - Verse: Hawai'ian Book of Days
 - Conferences and Powwows - offline

 --------- "RE: Anti-Indian Comments" ---------

 Date: 17 Nov 1996 15:43:28 +0100
 From: scottrobertladd@juno.com (Scott Robert Ladd)
 Subj: Anti-Indian Comments from C-NEWS List

   Newsgroup: alt.native

 Note: I lack reliable access to newsgroups, so please
       reply by e-mail to: ScottRobertLadd@juno.com.

 I found the following item in the open and public C-NEWS (Conservative News)
 Mailing List. The "Interesting Items" column appears there every week or so,
 with items from conservative talk radio and publications. The column is
 posted by Alex Gimarc <agimarc@anchorage.net>.
   We need to watch what these people are saying.
   C-NEWS publishes numerous items by large, mainstream conservative groups,
 including Eagle Forum, Rush Limbaugh, Cal Thomas, Ken Hamblin, pro-family
 and pro-life organizations.  This is the first item I've seen regarding
 Indians since I first subscribed to C-NEWS in October.
   I thank those who have contacted me already with their experiences with
 Anti-Indian groups and sentiments. I'm working a series of articles about
 Anti-Indian groups, and I appreciate any information sent my way on the
 subject.  I'm especially interested in documenting the connections between
 political figures (e.g., Wisconsin Gov. Thompson, Senator Gorton, etc.) and
 Anti-Indian activities.
 Thank you.
 -- SRL
 ---- Forwarded Item -----
 From: Alex Gimarc <agimarc@anchorage.net>
 To: c-news@world.std.com
 Date: Sat, 09 Nov 1996 12:00:07 -0900
 Subject: C-NEWS: Interesting Items 11/10

 Sunday, Nov 10, 1996 - Interesting Items

 [Non sequitur items 1-8 deleted - SRL]

   9.  Tyonek.  Federal judge Holland issued a judicial edict that the Tyonek
 village (across Cook Inlet from Anchorage) was a native American village and
 should now have all special rights and privileges afforded those gifted with
 full tribal status.  The case is a 14 year old case about a couple ejected
 from a house in the village for being white.  Unlike the rest of the lower
 48, Alaska does not have formal reservations, tribes or Indian Country.
 Tribal status is something that is determined via treaty and congressional
 action.  No Indian Wars were fought up here, and congressional action during
 Statehood, 1971 and 1980 basically say that all people up here are Alaskans.
 Both the Clintonoids and some native groups are trying to create over 200
 tribal entities without congressional action.  This creation of tribal
 status by judicial fiat will be appealed and fought through the legislature
 over the next few years.  Our problem is that our governor, Phony Tony
 Knowles (rumored to be on algore's short list for VP in 2000), gained his
 margin of victory via voter fraud out in the Bush, secret handshakes and
 promises to native leaders.  He is not expected to fight this one very hard.
 ----- End Forwarded Item -----
 ========================================================================
 Scott Robert Ladd         957 Empire Street       voice: +1 970 387 0271
 ScottRobertLadd@juno.com  P.O. Box 617              fax: +1 970 387 0277
                           Silverton, CO 81433 USA
           "Seeking Creative Solutions to Intractable Problems"
 ========================================================================

 --------- "RE: Big Mountain Deadline New Year's Day" ---------

 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 1996 05:39:44 -0800 (PST)
 From: David@ableza.org (Ableza Institute)
 Subj: BIG MOUNTAIN ALERT


 This is long, but for those interested in the Navajo-Hopi land dispute,it
 is the latest from one of the Navajo Nation's lawyers.
 David
 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 1996 01:48:10 -0800
 From: JOHN ABALONE WALSH <JOHN.ABALONE.WALSH@worldnet.att.net>
 Subject: Re: BIG MOUNTAIN ALERT

     BIG MOUNTAIN DEADLINE ON NEW YEAR'S DAY
   On October 11th, 1996, President Clinton signed the Navajo-Hopi Land
 Dispute Settlement Act of 1996, which then became Public Law 104-310,
 authorizing the prompt eviction of traditional Navajo families from the
 Partitioned Lands, beginning on January 1st, 1997.  According to Senator
 John McCain from Arizona, one of the sponsors of this Act, this could mean
 as many as 640 Navajo families, thousands of Navajo people.  Throughout
 Clinton's first term as President, he has always supported the relocation
 of the Navajos from their ancestral lands on Black Mesa and the
 desecration of their sacred sites at Star Mountain, Big Mountain and
 elsewhere.  And Clinton made sure that his policies were carried out by
 the officials at the Dept. Of Justice and the Dept. of the Interior.
   Now, even though millions of people in the U.S. and around the world
 have criticized the U.S. Government for its cruel and inhumane program of
 forced removal, which has already produced over 7,000 Navajo refugees,
 Clinton has found a "quick and dirty" solution to this lingering problem.
 All he had to do was trample on the Navajos' First Amendment rights to
 Religious Freedom and Fifth Amendment rights to Due Process, to violate
 the Winters' Doctrine on Indian Water Rights, to invite the U.S. Marshals
 and the Multi- jurisdictional Task Force to implement the evictions even
 though no housing will be available for these Navajo evictees to move into,
 and to bribe the Navajo Tribe, the Hopi Tribe and the State of Arizona
 with millions of dollars of hush money and other valuable considerations.
 However, the only real beneficiary of this law will be the U.S. Government
 itself which will avoid $100's of millions of dollars of legal liabilities
 while retaining invaluable water rights in this arid region.
   The nine basic provisions of P.L. 104-310, as amended, which are
 extremely generous to the Hopi Tribe, authorized:
   (1) The Land Dispute Settlement was written as an agreement solely
 between the U.S. and the Hopi Tribe.  Neither the Navajo Nation nor the
 Navajo families residing on Partitioned Lands are not considered as
 parties to nor equal partners in this Settlement, even though the total
 number of Navajos affected by the Relocation Program over the past two
 decades far exceeds the total number of Hopi people living on their
 reservation.
   (2) The new law ratifies the Hopi Accommodation Agreement of 1994 and
 the Hopi Residential Homesite Lease, even though it violates the Unitary
 Clause of the Agreement by implementing terms, conditions and changes
 which were never discussed nor approved.  P.L. 104-310 ratifies the
 provisions for evictions commencing New Years' Day, the continued
 violation of Navajo religious freedoms for those families who submit and
 stay, the violation of the Navajo families 5th Amendment rights to "Due
 Process by requiring the forfeiture of all civil and sovereign rights by
 the new Navajo tenants, the strict limitations on the size of the Navajo
 families and the size of their herds, and many other cruel conditions.
   (3) The Public Law provides for the acquisition of new Trust Lands by
 the Hopi, outside of the Reservation and the Partitioned Lands, through
 the outright purchase of additional private and public lands.  The Hopi
 Tribe will be given $50.2 million for this taking, but the Act stipulates
 that the New Lands are only to be used for ranching, farming and other
 commercial enterprises, and not for residential settlement.  These are
 activities that only about 10 families are prepared to accomplish; the
 vast majority of the Hopi Indians will not benefit from this in any way.
   However, this receipt of monies and acquisition of lands is contingent
 upon having 85% of the Navajo heads of households sign up in favor of the
 Accommodation Agreement or filing for Relocation Assistance off the
 reservation somewhere.  This is a different percentage than that
 designated in the Accommodation Agreement itself, and would violate its
 Unitary Clause thus terminating the Agreement.  But the large sums of
 money and acreages of lands may help the Hopi overlook this point, and
 other similar discrepancies.
   (4) The Hopi Tribal Council may choose to acquire other lands without
 paying for them, by having the Secretary of the Interior condemn these
 lands, regardless of circumstance or condition, and then the Federal
 Government will pay the State of Arizona the adjusted market value of
 these lands.
   (5) The first payment to the State of Arizona is already being arranged.
 The sum of $250,000 will be appropriated from the Dept. of the Interior
 budget of Fiscal Year 1998.
   (6) P.L. 104-310 includes an Action to Quiet Possession of the
 Partitioned Lands by the Hopi so that the Hopi will have unrestricted
 title to the millions of acres of HPL by February 1, 2000.  This give the
 U.S. government 3 years and 1 month to complete the removal of all
 eligible Navajo families who refuse to sign the Accommodation Agreement
 and choose Relocation instead.
   (7) The Act extends the Leasing Authority of the Hopi Tribe to 75 years,
 the length of the Hopi Residential Homesite Lease, which is 3 times longer
 than the previous term of 25 years established for all Indian tribes by
 the BIA in 1955.  And, of course, the First Amendment says nothing about
 Religious Freedom having a term of only 75 years.
   (8) Clinton's Act reauthorizes the existence of the Navajo-Hopi
 Relocation Housing Program for an additional 3 years, until the year 2000.
 This has already become the largest, most costly, and most scandalous
 Federal Housing Program in the history of the U.S.  They've already spent
 over $400 million to provide 1,200 Navajo with houses that have no running
 water, no electricity, no driveways or paved roads, doors that won't fit
 the door jams, on land that won't support any herds of sheep or other
 livestock, and some which are adjacent to the Rio Puerco where the U.S.
 had the largest uranium tailings spill in its history, the Churchrock
 Spill.  And worse, more than 7,000 Navajo were forced off the mesa without
 receiving any Relocation Assistance money or housing, let alone counseling
 and job placement as was promised in the original bill, P.L. 93-531.
   (9) Just before the vote in the Senate, on September 26th, Senator Trent
 Lott introduced an amendment to the proposed Act, which was agreed to
 without objection by all the Senators present.  This amendment became
 Section 12 of the Act and provided that the Hopi Tribe would only have
 immediate use   of the groundwater and well water on any of the New Lands.
 The federal government would retain the rights to subsurface sources and
 surface resources.  The Hopi Tribe could not sell, lease, redistribute use
 or transport the water in any way and could only redirect it to areas
 within the same river basin tributary to the main stream of the Colorado
 River.  This would include snow melt and storm runoff.  The Hopi Tribal
 Council selfishly agreed to this without thinking about the impact this
 could have for other tribes who are increasing their Trust Lands.  This
 creates a terrible, an probably unlawful,  precedent where the U.S.
 government misuses their plenary power to further deprive the tribes of
 what is legitimately theirs as sovereign nations.  The Winters Doctrine of
 Indian Water Rights, upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court for over 100 years,
 has now been deeply violated by President Clinton's signature on P.L. 104-
 310.
   In spite of the fact that Clinton recently signed an Executive Order to
 Protect American Indian Sacred Sites, that he signed Amendments
 strengthening the American Indian Religious Freedom Act in 1994, and that
 he signed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act in 1993, Clinton did not
 hesitate to sign P.L. 104-310 which violates all of these earlier statutes
 by fencing and developing commercial enterprises on acknowledged Navajo
 Sacred Sites, disrupting traditional burial grounds and refusing to allow
 Navajo burial ceremonies or actual burials on the mesa, destroying
 ceremonial and herb gathering sites, and abandoning the Federal Trust
 Responsibility to protect the Navajo elders and their families and to
 guarantee the free exercise of their religious rights.
   A new era of hardship for the Navajos is about to unfold....
   After 2 decades of perpetual hardship, the heroism, courage and
 exceptional tenacity of the Navajo elders and their 640 families still
 remaining on their ancestral lands deserves to be commended and rewarded.
 Since there is no more Compelling Interest in the Manybeads Case than the
 Federal Trust Responsibility and its guarantee of unabridged Religious
 Freedom.  These Navajo elders deserve to immediately receive adequate
 housing and building materials, well drilling equipment to deepen the
 wells into the N-Aquifer which has fallen dramatically due to Peabody's
 mining operations and coal slurry, a medical clinic, an end to the
 constant confiscation of herds and livestock, and an end to the punishing
 harassment by government officials.  This would not require any additional
 federal money , since millions of dollars of annual budget allotments have
 been held in escrow by the tribe and the BIA until the legal dispute is
 resolved.  Since 1974, the Navajo Tribe has withheld financial aid and
 essential services which all of their other Chapters receive regularly,
 pending the outcome of the resistance struggle.
   But we cannot wait for the federal government to do what is right. We
 must increase our material aid caravans, our educational efforts in our
 communities, the media coverage by local and national press, and our
 lobbying efforts in Congress and with the White House.  As for witnesses
 on the land for the eviction deadline, the elders request that this be by
 invitation only.  Any popular mobilizations must extend their efforts in
 their regions and not send people out onto the land during this harsh
 Winter.
   As for P.L. 104-310, to paraphrase Andrew Jackson, "President Clinton
 has rendered his decision, now let him enforce it", as the whole world
 watches.
  *****************************************************************
  *  Ableza, a Native American Arts and Film Institute            *
  *  1279 Mildred Ave.            (408) 267-4609                  *
  *  San Jose, CA 95125           fax: (408) 267-9609             *
  *  David&Diane@ableza.org       http://www.ableza.org           *
  *****************************************************************

 --------- "RE: Open Letter; President Clinton" ---------

 Date: 16 Nov 1996 02:57:31 GMT
 From: givers@badlands.NoDak.edu (David R. Givers)
 Subj: Open Letter; Pres Clinton

   Newsgroup: alt.native

 November 13, 1996

 President William Jefferson Clinton
 The White House
 Washington DC

 Dear Mr. President,

 Congratulations on your reelection to a second term of office.  You
 talked frequently in your campaign on building bridges to the 21st
 Century.  You talked about bringing people together, about making sure
 that everyone moves together into the next millennium.

 One group of people who need to be convinced that you meant what you said
 are the Native Americans.  They must be shown through your deeds and
 actions that you are building bridges to include Native Americans.  The
 most powerful symbolic act you can take is to free Leonard Peltier from
 his prison sentence.  Granting presidential clemency would signal that a
 healing spirit is moving amongst us.

 Soon you will be visited by Native people from all around America who
 will be asking that you approve Presidential clemency. There will be no
 stronger signal to the people of the First Nations than a Presidential
 pardon for Mr. Peltier.  This will be a signal that the majority society
 wants at last to make real peace and friendship with the descendants of
 the original inhabitants of our country.

 The findings of the clemency review board favor forgiveness for Mr.
 Peltier.  Please accept these findings and release Mr. Peltier this month
 when the representatives from Pine Ridge, and elsewhere, come to our
 Capitol and ask to see you.  Please invite them into the White House as a
 symbol that you fully intend to see that Native Americans cross that
 bridge of hope and respect, arm in arm with the rest of us Americans.

 I have been writing letters for almost 20 years trying to inform elected
 officials that Mr. Peltier was wrongfully extradited from Canada and was
 wrongfully convicted.  I am as certain today as I was 20 years ago, when
 I sat in the courtroom hearing U.S. Prosecutor Crooks trying to cover up
 the perjured testimony of FBI ballistics agent Hodge's false
 representation of the weapon used by Mr. Peltier as the the AR-15 that
 killed agents Coler and Williams.

 After the Freedom of Information Act proved that Mr. Peltier's weapon did
 not fire the fatal bullets, Mr. Crooks has since admitted in Appeals
 Court that the government does not know who actually killed Agents Coler
 and Williams.  But I can still hear "Mr. Peltier," "close range,"
 "brutally," and "without mercy" as clearly as the day they were uttered
 before the jury.

 Mr. Peltier is said to be in serious medical condition and has had his
 access to his own medical records denied.  This is extreme and
 unwarranted pressure by the prison authorities and should be considered
 inhumane treatment.

 Mr. Peltier needs to be released from prison immediately so he can go
 home to heal and be healed.  Mr. Peltier needs your clemency as much as
 the Native American communities need to have their confidence and trust
 rebuilt from actions taken by the majority society.  In doing this
 healing of Mr. Peltier, the bridge that you promised in your campaign
 will become real.

 Best wishes and sincerely yours,

 David R. Givers

 --------- "RE: Delewares Win Round One" ---------

 Date: Tue, 12 Nov 1996 18:23:28 -0600
 From: Cherokee Observer <cwyob@mailhost.galstar.com>
 Subj: DELAWARES Win Round One of Separation Fight

   Newsgroups: alt.native,soc.culture.native

   The following article was published in the November 1996 issue of The
 CHEROKEE OBSERVER.
   A recent ruling by U.S. District Judge Charles Richey in Washington, D.C.,
 cleared the way for the Delaware Tribe to exercise their sovereignty.
   Richey upheld a September decision by the U.S. Department of Interior
 that severed the 130-year-old relationship between the Delawares and the
 Cherokee Nation [of Oklahoma].
   The Cherokee Nation had alleged the department violated the Cherokee
 Constitution, acts of Congress, U.S. Supreme Court decisions and its own
 regulations when it deemed the Delawares a sovereign tribe.
   Attorneys for the Cherokee nation had sought a temporary restraining
 order and preliminary injunction against Interior Department officials.
   An announcement by Cherokee Nation Press Secretary, Lisa Finley,
 declared that Judge Richey had ordered the Interior Department to stay its
 September 1996 decision granting recognition to the Delaware Tribe of
 Indians pending further order of the court.
   However, attorney for the Delawares, Gina Carrigan of Tulsa, said,
 "They're [Cherokee attorneys] confirming something that did not occur. She
 said the judge instead ordered an Oct. 15 hearing on the case, which the
 Cherokee nation lost.
   With millions of dollars in federal aid and Cherokee land at stake,
 Cherokee Nation officials are expected to appeal the decision to the 10th
 Circuit Court in Denver.
   Carrigan stated that the Delaware Tribe has not been told one or the
 other if Cherokee nation intends to appeal.
   Reversing a 1979 Bureau of Indian Affairs opinion that the Delawares did
 not exist as a tribe, except as Cherokees, BIA officials say the Delawares
 will not be eligible for federal funding until the 1997-98 fiscal year.
   The Delawares were incorporated into the Cherokee Nation following the U.
 S. Civil War through an 1866 treaty brought the Cherokee Nation back into
 the Union.
   The Delaware Tribe has a total membership of around 10,500 and are
 headquartered in Bartlesville.

 --------- "RE: Separation Anxiety" ---------

 Date: Tue, 12 Nov 1996 18:43:25 -0600
 From: Cherokee Observer <cwyob@mailhost.galstar.com>
 Subj: Separation Anxiety-November Commentary by Jason Terrell

   Newsgroups: alt.native,soc.culture.native

 The following commentary was published in the November 1996 issue of The
 CHEROKEE OBSERVER.  It was written by Observer Foreign Correspondent,
 Jason R. Terrell.
                     SEPARATION ANXIETY
   It seems that division is in the air.  Several months back, the Loyal
 Band of Shawnee, apparently spurred by a refusal of the Cherokee Council
 to support a casino in Kansas, started making noises again about
 separating from the Cherokee Nation.
   Now, in the wake of legal decisions which can only grow, the Delaware
 people have taken concrete steps to dissolve their 100-year-plus ties with
 us, as well.
   What's amazing about this is not that the Delawares or Shawnees want
 independence, but that our tribal government is so slow in dealing with it.
   Seeking a ruling from the BIA on a letter that effectively removed their
 government-to-government status with the United States, the Delawares were
 granted an amazing victory when Assistant Secretary Ada Deer retracted the
 letter of May 24, 1979 and thereby restored the sovereign relationship
 between the Delawares and the United States government.
   As a part of this process, a notice was placed in the Federal Register
 on June 27, 1996 and the public was given until July 29 to comment on the
 proposed decision.  According to a BIA press release, a copy of the
 proposed decision was sent to the Cherokee Nation on June 21 inviting
 comments on the decision.
   The Nation responded in a letter stating that the tribe cannot share
 it's jurisdictional land base and that the Delaware "concede that their
 actions will not result in any diminishment of the Cherokee's present
 funding, its service area or jurisdictional base, then separate
 recognition would be agreeable to the tribe."  No problem there.  They
 can't have our land or money.
   Apparently the BIA didn't see that as an impediment to correcting their
 error of 1979 and they retracted the letter anyway.  This should have been
 the end of the story, but to make matters worse, the Principal Chief has
 filed an injunction to stop the BIA's action from taking effect until
 further discussions can take place regarding the principals of separation.
   Ordinarily, I'd have no problem with this action, but what in heaven's
 name took them so long?  The Delawares and Shawnees have been making noise
 about separating from the tribe from some time now.  This isn't a new idea.

   According to the history of the current Delaware-BIA problem, the
 Delawares took financial pains to keep their independence in the first
 place when some ill fated bureaucratic letter unexpectedly brought their
 sovereignty to a screeching halt.  Hey, the Delaware have only been with
 us 130 years or so, why is this idea suddenly a problem?
   Perhaps the administration was under the impression that the Delawares
 would never have a legal leg to separate on.  May it thought this would
 never come to pass.  But here it is and we're not prepared.
   The discussion that the tribe's administration wants to have should've
 taken place a long time ago and inhibiting the inevitable process of
 Delaware separation won't change that.
   As the old saying goes, "You snooze, you lose" and we've been asleep at
 the wheel since 1979, apparently.
   Let's discuss the details of separation, but as two separate sovereign
 governments, not a couple of kids arguing on the playground.

 --------- "RE: Chief's Legal Counsel Defends Racist" ---------

 Date: Tue, 12 Nov 1996 19:00:25 -0600
 From: Cherokee Observer <cwyob@mailhost.galstar.com>
 Subj: Chief's Legal Counsel Defends White Racist

   Newsgroups: alt.native,soc.culture.native

   The following article was published in the November issue of The
 CHEROKEE OBSERVER.
   CHIEF'S LEGAL COUNSEL DEFENDS WHITE RACIST
   Members of the Cherokee Nation were recently stunned to learn that the
 Cherokee Nation's General Council, James Wilcoxen, was the [private]
 attorney representing an accused white racist, who was recently convicted
 in federal court of violating the civil rights of three black men.
   Two of the white men were jailed following their conviction in federal
 court for violating the civil right of three black customers at a Fort
 Towson bar in 1994.
   Court records show a third defendant, John Vandever, 23, was acquitted
 of the same charges.  He was represented by James Wolfe of Hugo.
   An all-white jury took only seven hours to convict Gary Woodlee, 28, and
 his cousin, James Woodlee, 29, who were in the Muskogee County Jail at
 press time.
   The Woodlees and Vandever were accused of interfering with a federally
 protected activity by preventing David Carter, Tim Walker and Brock
 Lockhart from enjoying the use of a public place on June 23, 1994.
   Defense attorney, James Wilcoxen, attempted to characterize the events
 leading to the men's arrests as "...typical beer-joint dispute rather than
 a crime of racial hatred."
   Prosecutors contend the three white men used racially offensive words to
 threaten and intimidate the victims before chasing them and shooting at
 their car on the highway.
   Several Cherokee Nation members attended the proceedings in an attempt
 to ascertain Wilcoxen's stand on the issue of white racism. "His only
 concern was getting his client off," said one observer.  "It's a shame
 that one of our own Cherokee lawyers, and our Chief's [Joe Byrd] lawyer,
 would allow himself to be used in such a way."
   Several tribal members and Cherokee groups say they will call for
 Wilcoxen's resignation.

 Posted by: The Cherokee Observer
 P.O. Box 1301
 Jay, OK 74346-1301
 (918) 253-8752 Phone/Fax
 SNAIL MAIL SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE.

 --------- "RE: Innu Opposition to Labrador Smelter" ---------

 Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 17:09:20 -0330
 From: Larry Innes <es051322@ORION.YORKU.CA>
 Subj: Innu opposition to Labrador Smelter/Refinery Site

 Mailing List:    Innu People Forum list <INNU-L@YORKU.CA>

   Statement By Daniel Ashini, Director of Innu Rights and Environment INNU
 OPPOSITION TO A LABRADOR SMELTER/REFINERY LOCATION
   As everyone here knows, there has been a lot of talk from politicians,
 business leaders and even ordinary people about the best location to build
 a smelter and refinery to process the Voisey's Bay ore. I am here because
 there has been too much talk-and not enough thought-about the consequences
 of a decision to build and operate a smelter.
   I am here to say that the Innu Nation is strongly opposed to a smelter
 being built in our territory, and that we have serious concerns about the
 possibility of a smelter being built and operated anywhere in Newfoundland
 or Labrador.
   We take this position because we are extremely concerned about the
 impacts that a smelter will have on our land, our rights and our way of
 life. We have only started to examine this issue, but what we have learned
 about smelters and their effects on air and water quality, on fish
 populations, on forests, on animals, and on human communities and human
 health concerns us a great deal. Our concerns are significant enough that
 I felt it necessary to come to St. John's to share them with you. We have
 also invited Keith Winterhalder, an expert on smelter effects and a
 professor at Laurentian University in Sudbury, to be here today so that he
 might contribute some of his expertise to this discussion.
   A serious debate on this issue is long overdue. It has been virtually
 absent from the media coverage. I've been listening, and the only voices
 that I have heard have been in support of the smelter. I've heard
 communities fight among themselves in an effort to promote themselves as
 the best location. I've heard about all the jobs and all the money that a
 smelter would bring into the province. But no one seems to be asking the
 hard questions about what smelters actually are, and what their effects
 might be. This news conference, and the public panel that will take place
 this evening, provide an excellent opportunity for some of these questions
 to be asked. I hope that the members of the media and the public who are
 here today will take opportunity to do some critical thinking-instead of
 cheerleading-on this important issue.
   I'd now like to share some of the Innu Nation's major concerns over the
 possibility of a smelter being built in Labrador, as I'm sure that Mr.
 Brokenshire will speak to the Island concerns. I want you to understand
 why the Innu Nation opposes Labrador location for the smelter, and why we
 have concerns about one being built at all.
   Our opposition to the smelter is grounded in the fact that despite years
 of negotiations, and despite the commitments of both Canada and
 Newfoundland to an accelerated process, we are no where close to a land
 rights settlement. The Innu are still at the table, but while we attempt
 to negotiate a fair and just settlement, governments continue to propose
 and promote developments in the very territory that is supposedly under
 discussion. While we talk, the forestry plans, highway projects, mining
 developments and now, smelter proposals continue as if nothing was
 happening. This is unjust-and it has to stop. The Innu have rights-and one
 of the most fundamental rights is the right to self-determination. That
 right has already been violated by Churchill Falls, by low-level flying,
 by Voisey's Bay-and it continues with every new development proposal. How
 can we determine our own future when the land-which is the very basis of
 our survival as a distinct people-is being irrevocably changed without our
 consent?
   But if a smelter refinery complex was actually built in Labrador, it
 would create a whole range of unacceptable effects. Professor Winterhalder
 will speak in more detail-and with more authority-on the environmental
 effects of smelters, but I will give you the Innu perspective.
   We know that smelters are one of the major sources of air pollution, and
 that they release hundreds of thousands of tonnes of sulphur dioxide into
 the atmosphere every year. Sulphur dioxide emissions are the major cause
 of acid rain, which is a global environmental problem that has devastated
 forests, lakes and streams around the world. We know that in Ontario, more
 than 36,000 lakes have been acidified. Thirteen rivers in Nova Scotia,
 which used to be plentiful with salmon, have such high acid levels that
 they can no longer support these fish. Thankfully, the lakes and rivers in
 our territory have not been significantly affected by acid rain, but we
 are worried that this would change if a smelter was built in or near our
 territory. We also know that many lichens and many species of plants in
 our forests are extremely sensitive to acids, and we fear that impacts on
 the foundations of our ecosystem could create significant problems for
 animals like the caribou, which require large undisturbed areas in order
 to survive. We know that acids leach heavy metals from the soil, and over
 time the levels of these contaminants can accumulate in the animals that
 we depend on. These are only some of our concerns. It is hard to predict
 at this time what the actual effects of a smelter would be, but these are
 some of the things that have happened in other places, and as Innu people,
 we believe that it is important to learn what we can from the experience
 of other peoples and places.
   But even if the smelter was built and operated with every possible
 environmental safeguard, we would still have to deal with a new wave of
 settlement into our territory. Thousands of new settlers would join the
 thousands who are already here, and add their voices to the cry for more
 development in our territory. New infrastructure would be developed. New
 hydroelectric developments-such as the lower Churchill-would become a
 reality. More roads would be built, which would mean more cabins, more
 hunting pressure and even less room for the Innu on our own land. With the
 larger settler presence, the chances of the Innu achieving a fair and just
 land rights settlement would become even more remote.
   I would also like to address a note of caution to the chorus of voices
 that is calling for the smelter because they think it will bring them jobs.
 I don't claim to know much about smelters, or the work that is done in
 them, but I do know that it is usually quite technical, and that the
 company will need a large and highly skilled workforce. Whatever location
 they choose, it is very clear that local people will have to compete for
 jobs. I know for a fact that even if there were Innu people who were
 looking for this type of work, it is highly unlikely that they would
 qualify. Even if they did, they would be entering a potentially dangerous
 and unhealthy workplace environment. A 1995 McMaster University study of
 cancer incidence among 66,000 Ontario nickel workers found a higher level
 of cancer among nickel miners and smelter workers than the rest of the
 population.
   There is much more that I could say, but I would like to conclude by
 restating the Innu Nation's opposition to a Labrador smelter/refinery
 facility. The Innu are not simply saying 'Not in Our Backyard'-but we are
 also asking whether building such a project anywhere in Newfoundland or
 Labrador makes sense. No one else seems to be asking these questions. We
 are concerned about protecting our environment and our way of life. And
 I'm confident that once people start asking the questions we are about
 this project, they will start to look beyond the simple economics of the
 proposal and start thinking about the land.
   We must all remember that global economies have global consequences. We
 must remember that the decisions that we make affect not only our
 communities today, but our children and their children tomorrow. Long
 after Voisey's Bay has come and gone, the Innu will still be here. When we
 make our decisions, we have to consider not only the effects of projects
 like a mine or a smelter on our land, but our responsibility to the whole
 Earth. Activities like smelting are not local, but global. Just as the ore
 that is taken from our land becomes part of a global economy, the
 environmental consequences of smelter operations become part of a global
 environmental problem. We all have to take these consequences into
 consideration. I hope that we will make good decisions.
 Thank you.

 --------- "RE: Netherlands Debate on Innu" ---------

 Date: Wed, 13 Nov 1996 09:10:07 -0400
 From: Larry Innes <es051322@ORION.YORKU.CA>
 Subj: Netherlands parliamentary debate on Innu, low-flying

 Mailing List:    Innu People Forum list <INNU-L@YORKU.CA>

 From: Foundation Innu Support Group
 coordinator Govert de Groot
 PO Box 13670
 2501 ER The Hague
 The Netherlands
 ph:  + 31 70 3888553
 fax: + 31 70 3887900
 e-mail: innusuppnl@gn.apc.org

 The Hague, November 13, 1996
   During the parliamental debate of November 12, 1996 on the budget
 for 1997 of the Netherlands Ministry of Defence, the following
 was said regarding the Dutch low-level flights above the Innu in
 Canada (transcript and translation by Innu Support Group, the
 Netherlands):
   11.30 pm: Mrs. Leoni Sipkes (Green-Left):
 "...One question I forgot to ask. Repeatedly, we were promised
 that, pertaining to low-level flying, nothing irreversible would
 happen. I am wondering when we can expect to see the new treaty.
 I thought the plan was to start doing extra low-level flying in
 January. Could you please respond to that? Is the treaty available
 yet?"
   Mrs A.M.A. van Ardenne-van der Hoeven (Christian Democrats):
 "Chairman, I would like to ask Mrs. Sipkes the following: I don't
 understand your first question. It was not directed to me, but to
 the minister, on low-level flying. Nothing irreversible. I can
 not recall that such a statement has been made. Maybe you can
 explain what you meant to say?"
   Mrs. Sipkes:
 "Of course. I believe that even... the last time was during the
 general parliamentary deliberations before the holidays, the
 general deliberations on the subject of low-level flying.
 My point is that is was agreed that the Parlement would be enabled
 to discuss this treaty before it is put into effect. Mr
 Hoekema (D66=Progressive Liberals) is nodding. Please forgive me
 for not...".
   Mrs. Ardenne:
 "You are talking about extension of the current treaty."
   Mrs. Sipkes:
 "Yes... We have had the Memorandum of Understanding and we still
 need to receive the treaty. And before extension is put into
 practice, we were assured - I believe it was in the general
 deliberations of May or June - that we, as Parliament, would be
 allowed to discuss this. So what I hope, is to be able to see this
 treaty: nothing more, nothing less."
   Mr. Jan Hoekema (D66):
 "I want to support Mrs. Sipkes. It has been promised that we
 would discuss the bilateral treaty between the Netherlands and
 Canada in December this year. Mrs. Sipkes is totally justified to
 request this."
   Mrs. Ardenne:
 "I agree, but in the mean time, the decision to continue with the
 flying has been taken. That we would take a look at the text, has
 indeed been agreed. I believe that will be at the end of this
 year. December, approximately. But the decision to continue with
 the flying has been taken by Parliament and government."
   Mrs. Sipkes:
 "All right, chairman..."

 Undersecretary of Defence Gmelich Meijling answers at 11.59 pm:
   "...First, on the issue of low-level flying in Canada. Mrs. Sipkes
 asked about low-level flying in Canada. The Parliament will
 receive the bilateral treaty as soon as possible. We will get...
 you know, there is a MOU and a bilateral treaty. That will probably
 happen by the end of December. Why? Because negotiations with
 Canada, due to all kind of technical reasons, on which I don't
 know the details, are taking longer than expected. But you will
 be asked to endorse the treaty. I have indeed, mr. Hoekema has
 called my attention to that, agreed to do so in the deliberations
 with the Parliamentary Commission on Defence and during the plenary
 debate in parliament in February. So we can speak about that
 together. It is my expectation that will take place some time in
 January.

 --------- "RE: Protecting Heritage and Cultures" ---------

 Date: Mon, 11 Nov 1996 16:27:32 -0600
 From: eaglerok@northernnet.com (feather eaglerock)
 Subj: protecting and promoting heritage and cultures

   UUCP email

 Aaniin and O'siyo Friends,
   Last week Bernard spoke to the indian studies class at the Cass Lake-Bena
 High School about the Nee Mee Poo (Nez Perce) name and warrior blanket
 that he received in June at the 'Chief Joseph and Warriors Celebration' in
 Lapwai on the Nee Mee Poo nation.
   The celebration at Lapwai included a ceremony for the return of the
 Spaulding-Allen Collection that had been held in bondage by the Ohio
 Historical Society.  (The purchase of this collection was the subject of an
 internet Indian art auction.) The Nez Perce have been criticized for
 spending the money to pay the ransom for the artifacts.  Many said the
 money would have been better spent on clinics, education, etc.
   For the ceremony, a descendent of the Reverend Spaulding and the curator
 of the Nez Perce Museum at Spalding, Idaho symbolically returned the
 moccasins and the cradleboard to Nee Mee Poo elders -- the rightful
 custodians of the Nee Mee Poo heritage.  After the ceremony the emcee,
 Otis Halfmoon gave a short talk in which he said, "Indian people are still
 here.  We are not going away. and it is time that the newcomers to this
 country, paid proper respect to the elder status of the first nations."
   When Bernard talked with students in the Indian studies class, he talked
 about the validity of oral histories.  And he talked about the sadness in
 his heart that the Sacred ground at Battle Point here on the Leech Lake Rez
 is to be desecrated in the name of 'education.'  the RBC and (highly paid)
 tribal historian, with the guidance of non-Indian advisors, have entered
 into a partnership with the Cass Lake-Bena School district to build a
 multi-million $$ interpretive center at Battle Point.  As part of this
 agreement, the site itself will be leased to the school district.  The
 battle at Battle Point was fought when the state tried to take jurisdiction
 over Indian people on Indian land.
   The Cass Lake-Bena School District has been found guilty by the feds of
 discriminating against Indian students in the way that they teach English.
 There are other allegations of discrimination pending against the district.
 So they are under the gun (so to speak) to make changes.  However, these
 changes are slow to happen and, many times, turn out to be superficial
 changes that only look good on the documents submitted to the feds.
   I posted the story of 'Quay Ke Gwon Ay Beak Way,' Ogema Equay
 (female chief) of the Leech Lake Band.  This story was made available to
 the school district in 1994.  It still has not been added to the history
 curriculum except as an anecdote in the high school electives -- Indian
 studies and Anishinaabe studies.  The school district, also, still teaches
 that Sequoyah was the half-breed grandson of the king of the Cherokees.
   A small group of traditionals on this rez have taken it upon ourselves to
 're-educate' the educators of our children and grandchildren.  Most
 recently Bernard and I challenged the 7th grade social studies curriculum
 and its textbook 'Two Centuries of Progress.'  We have a grandson in that
 class this year.  As a part of this challenge we have been providing the
 school with more accurate and less ethnocentric materials for teaching
 american history and social studies.
   It is our intention to become an integral part of the redesign of the
 school's curriculum.  There is a non-Indian teacher, a fine and devoted
 educator who has been designing a culturally (Anishinaabe) sensitive
 curriculum, but we feel that Indian people are more qualified to protect
 and promote the true heritage and cultures of Indian nations.
   We are seeking your assistance to help augment these classes with true
 histories of your nations.  For instance, right now the 7th grade social
 studies class is studying the American Revolution (1750-1790) -- the only
 mention of 'Indians' in the chapter is the wannabees who dumped the tea in
 Boston Harbor.  From the viewpoint of your own people, what is being left
 out?
   We hope that if you run across any materials that will help us in this
 project that you will share them with us and perhaps with the group.
 Mii Gwetch and Wa do,
 Bernard and Feather
  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Bernard J. Rock, Sr.
 Leech Lake Pillager Band
 Spotted Eagle Warrior Society
 North Central Minnesota Native American Veterans Outreach and Resource Center

 --------- "RE: Historic Agreements Signed" ---------

 Date: 96/11/15        21:07
 From: Suzan Horovitch (a.horovitch@genie.com)
 Subj: Historic Agreements signed by Canada, Saskatchewan and Federation
       of Saskatchewan Indian Nations

   genie email

   The government of Canada signed on Oct. 31, 1996 a memorandum of
 Agreement with the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations to re
 establish the Office of the Treaty Commissioner as an independent
 entity with a new mandate and a structure to facilitate self
 government negotiations and to assist with exploratory discussions
 on Treaty issues.
   A Protocol Agreement was also signed by representatives from
 the Gov. of Canada, the Gov. of Saskatchewan and the Federation of
 Saskatchewan Indian Nations. The Protocol Agreement establishes a
 common tables for the discussion of issues of mutual concern,
 including ways to identify and facilitate processes to negotiate
 and implement Aboriginal self-government.
   Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND)
 Minister Ronald Irwin, Saskatchewan's Minister of Indian and Metis
 Affairs Joanne Crofford and Federation of Saskatchewan Indian
 Nations (FSIN) Chief Blaine Favel participated in the official
 signing ceremony. The signing ceremony marked the beginning of many
 events planned for the 50th anniversary celebrations of the  FSIN
 during Oct. 31 - Nov. 3, 1996.
   Chief Blaine Favel expressed the commitment of the chiefs of
 Saskatchewan to the renewed treaty process.  He stated, " First
 Nations treaties with the Crown are sacred agreements which will
 continue forever. We have always seen our treaties as a two way
 street.  Although the people of Canada and of the province have
 become wealthy from their side of the treaty, the First Nations
 have yet to realize the benefits that are owed to them.  The Crown
 accepted obligations as did our ancestors. The problems has been
 making the Government live up to its commitment and act honourable
 on treaty implementation."
   He further comments, " This is only a beginning of a long but
 important process for Saskatchewan and Canada. The Office of the
 Treaty commissioner can help bring us together and build our mutual
 respect and relationship for the next century. It is especially
 symbolic for us to make this announcement on the 50th anniversary
 of the FSIN because this has been the focus of our organization
 since the outset - respect for our treaties."

 Quoted from DIAND News release.

 --------- "RE: Guinea Pigs" ---------

 Date: Thu, 14 Nov 1996 21:30:58 -0800 (PST)
 From: Larry Kibbey <kibbey@sierra.net>
 Subj: Guinea Pigs

   UUCP email

   For too long Indian people have been the Guinea Pigs for society, that is
 to say, Indian people have been studied to no end.
   Scientific research has been a tool utilized to dig up our people, so
 that a society would have an understanding of how a people lived, what
 they ate, what they wore and for the most part, our people were often
 tagged as prehistoric, when in fact, they were not.
   The changing times has brought about change in the Indian world, a
 change that has often caused major problems in Indian Country, problems
 brought forth which were only discovered to have been introduced to suffer
 the people more than what history has already told.
   Guinea Pigs, used by a society to determine if in fact a people had a
 culture, tradition or heritage. Judging our character for their own
 benefit, often for monetary gain, if not for self-gain.
   The jocularity of the minds of people is never ending, it produces an
 avenue of suppressed morals, by virtue of wanting to be something that is
 only of self-interest, but the out come becomes a trail of sadness,
 because the values of reality are not sustained in any unique form.
   Voices cry out from across the land, yearning to be heard, yearning to
 be identified, "I am Indian!", and yet it is for a brief moment that
 someone listens and ask only that it be a relevant factor, so that a
 matter of unity can be understood so that a people can move on with
 various debates, concerns and interest.
   The culture, tradition, heritage and a people, have all but been torn
 down and apart, a lack of understanding, a need to study a people, a need
 to justify death and everyone wants to be Indian, but refuses to accept a
 past that needs to be told in an accurate manner, by a people who have
 grown tired of being societies guinea pigs.
   We look to the future for a bright and better life for our people,
 hoping that somewhere we can bring a form of justice that will be
 understood about our concerns and interest, and a people declare, "Yes, I
 will help!", "I will do what I can to make Indian issues understood!", and
 if you ask when, you are often told, "Not right now, I'm too busy, I don't
 have the time, but it will get done", and the past haunts our people in
 their endeavors.
   We have heard time and time again, "be patient Indian", but how long
 must we continue to wait, how long must we continue to watch as a people
 make a mockery of our elder's, our ceremonies, our medicine people, and all
 the while, the government is stealing away the last of our land and treaty
 rights.
   Day in day out, infringement upon freedoms, rights and a people declare
 on a regular basis their need to be Indian, only the cause lies in a dark
 alley suppressed by Corporate America and the elite advocate socialist
 lies that betrays justice.
   Where is tomorrow, but in the past of yesterday, and effigies sustain
 morals that advocate white supremacy from a people hiding behind false
 masks, calling life death and death life.
   When will justice be a relevant factor when clowns from a dying circus
 impose upon a people a deceit and centuries of lies wallow in the minds of
 truth?
   504 years of death, as Indian people we live under the guise of our
 ancestor's whose truth came from the medicine of their heart and the
 children's future is torn by false propaganda, and society claims it's the
 fault of the government and the curtain of socialism rises ever so high,
 drawn up by corporate America and so what if there is activity by Anti-
 Indian groups or New Age activist?
   Tomorrow, the heart lies in mourning, and the shadows of life will
 awaken and those who are but real, will know the answer of times gone and
 those who only profess to understand will be alone, so alone that their
 cry will echo upon deaf ears and the ceremonial medicine will be a power
 of yesterdays life and a people will live, and they shall be of the same...

 --------- "RE: Canadian Government Attacks NA Activists" ---------

 Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 18:33:55 -0700
 From: Brian Hauk <bghauk@infomatch.com>
 Subj: Protests Challenge Government Assault On Native Rights Activists

   UUCP email  [Editorial Note:  This is NOT current news.  It is included
                to remind us we MUST NOT forget our warriors of today.  Like
                Leonard Peltier, the defenders of Ipperwash, must not be
                allowed to fade from memory.]

 #35:Can. gov't attacks Native activ
 from the Militant, vol.59/no.35    September 25, 1995

 BY AHMAD HAGHIGHAT AND STEVE PENNER
   IPPERWASH, Ontario - The September 6 killing of Native protester Anthony
 George by Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) here, and the September 11 armed
 assault by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) on Native protesters
 at Gustafsen Lake in British Columbia that left at least one wounded,
 represent a major escalation of the attacks on Native people by this
 country's capitalist rulers and their police agencies.
   The OPP assault on a group of unarmed Native rights activists also
 seriously wounded 16-year-old Nicolas George. Bernard George, who was
 savagely beaten by police, had to be hospitalized.
   Hundreds of OPP and RCMP cops  armed with assault rifles, stun grenades,
 and other weapons surrounded Native protesters at the two occupations. At
 Gustafsen Lake, the Canadian army drove the RCMP in armored personnel
 carriers. The provincial governments, with the complete backing of Ottawa,
 have both threatened further police action against the protesters who they
 characterize as "lawless criminals."
   Native rights fighters across the country have begun to mobilize against
 the government's attacks. Over 1,000 Native people from across Ontario,
 from other provinces, and from the United States attended the September 11
 funeral of Anthony George to express their solidarity. Demonstrations
 protesting the cop attacks were held in a number of cities including
 Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Ottawa. A round the clock vigil
 numbering up to 100 people at any one time is being held at Queen's Park
 in Toronto at the Ontario provincial legislature.
   Anthony George, 38, and other Native rights activists began an
 occupation of 907 hectares of the Ipperwash Provincial Park on September 4,
 Labor Day, after the park had been closed for the season. They demanded
 that the Ontario government return the land which it had taken over in
 1942. They consider it a sacred Native burial site.
   The park sits next to the Ipperwash Military Reserve, about 25 miles
 east of Sarnia on the shores of lake Huron. On July 29, Native activists
 took over the main buildings on the base. Natives have been fighting the
 Canadian government for over 50 years over return of the land, which was
 taken from them in 1942 under the War Measures Act.
   The provincial cops tried to justify the cold-blooded murder of George
 by claiming that the "occupants... of two vehicles fired on police
 officers and subsequently police returned fire."
   Expressing skepticism of the government's story, the Toronto Star
 pointed out, "OPP Chief Superintend Chris Coles has refused to say how
 many shots were fired at police, nor have the OPP shown any weapons that
 they say were used in the shooting, or any damage caused by the alleged
 shooting by Chippewa."
   "Our people had no weapons," Steve Wolfe, a Kettle and Stony Point First
 Nation band councilor told the Militant. "They only had sticks and stones
 to defend themselves against the cop attack."
   "One of our band councilors (Bernard George) was beaten even before they
 started shooting," said Wolfe. The cops knocked him to the ground, kicked
 and beat him while calling him a dog and a savage. He was hospitalized for
 three days.
   Wolfe also explained that the cops had called in ambulances just before
 they launched their attack. They refused to use the ambulances, however,
 to transport the wounded for medical care after the shooting. Anthony
 George's sister Carolyn had to take him to the hospital by car." The OPP
 wouldn't even help me lift him," she explained. She believes he might have
 survived his wounds had the police provided aid.
   On arriving at Strathroy Hospital, Carolyn George and another woman were
 jumped on by police, pushed to the ground, handcuffed and arrested on
 charges of the attempted murder of her brother. They were released from
 jail only after doctors confirmed that the bullet that killed her brother
 came from a police rifle.
   Ontario gov't refuses to negotiate
   Following the shootings, Ontario Conservative premier Mike Harris,
 rejected the demand of Ovide Mercredi, head of the Assembly of First
 Nations, that the government negotiate with the Native protesters
 occupying the park. The federal government has taken the same position
 against those occupying the military base.
   Harris labeled the Native protest an "illegal occupation" and a
 "criminal matter for the police."
   Harris's racist attitude towards native people is well known. In 1994,
 before he became premier in last June's provincial election he stated that
 "too many [Natives] spend all their time on courts and lawyers and they
 just stay home and do nothing."
   Harris has stated he won't talk to any of the Native people until the
 occupation is ended. Mercredi accused him of wanting to negotiate "out of
 the barrel of a gun."
   Contrary to the impression given by the capitalist media that non-Native
 residents don't support the protests, a peace march was called for
 September 11. At the request of the George family it was postponed until
 after the funeral.
   Scott Ewart, one of the peace march organizers, explained that the rally
 would have laid the responsibility for the confrontation on Ottawa. "They
 had 50 years to solve this problem. What we see today is the result of 50
 years of frustration." While a number of non-Native residents explained to
 Militant reporters their support for the OPP actions others expressed
 their anger at the massive police presence in the area.
   Following the cop assault at Gustafsen Lake in British Columbia, the
 RCMP claimed they were only returning fire after being attacked by three
 Native protesters in a truck. However, there is no evidence that this is
 what happened. The Natives explained that their truck was disabled by a
 land mine as they attempted to break the tight police siege of the
 occupation in order to get fresh water. As police using armored personnel
 carriers opened fire, the truck burst into flame and the protesters fled
 into the woods.
   The day after the killing of George at Ipperwash, British Columbia
 premier Mike Harcourt called on the protesters at Gustafsen Lake to
 "surrender" and warned that if they didn't their protest could end in a
 "tragedy" like the death of Anthony George at Ipperwash.
   Ahmad Haghighat is a member of Local 1295 of the International
 Association of Machinists. Steve Penner is a member of Local 5336 of the
 United Steelworkers of America.

 To get an introductory 12-week subscription to the Militant in the
 U.S., send $10 US to: The Militant, 410 West Street, New York, NY 10014.
 For subscription rates to other countries, send e-mail to
 themilitant@igc.apc.org or write to the above address.

 --------- "RE: Decline at IAIA" ---------

 Date: 5:39 AM  Nov 13, 1996
 From: wasicuwin@aol.com
 Subj: The decline at IAIA

   Newsgroup: igc.indig.education

   "Get new couches and vacuum the carpet" was the scrawled note in the
 suggestion book in the library at the Institute of American Indian Art. This
 comment was indicative of the situation I encountered on a recent visit to
 this once renowned institution.
   The IAIA has, in the past, been one of the finest art schools in the world.
 Many of its alumni and teachers have demonstrated, again and again that
 Native American art is not purely  crafts but often fine art, as much as any
 in the Louvre or Metropolitan Museum of Art.  Courses in film and creative
 writing introduced many  Native youth to possible careers in that phase of
 the arts.
   The school I recently visited was barely a shadow of what it has been in
 the past.  Although the new school administration has been criticised by the
 press throughout "Indian Country," seeing is believing and I was appalled by
 what I saw.
   IAIA remains situated like a step-child in the modular units on the campus
 of the University of Santa Fe.  Although the students are permitted to use
 the University library they have a small, adequate, library of their own
 which obviously according to the initial comment of this post, is not being
 maintained.  I noticed an absence of some books and magazines that should
 have been available to any art students as well as to Native American art
 students.
   On my visit to "the" English classroom which was  not ready for use,
 according to students, until several weeks into the semester, I found a
 small room with six or eight seats (built in side desks) about a dozen dusty
 old books scattered on a shelf, a marker board, blank walls, and a floor
 covered with dust balls and some rumpled papers.
   The dormitory building was dreary and uninviting (I did not see any
 occupied rooms) and the common lounge had only a TV.  An old piano had been
 discarded.  Many of these students do not have cars nor do they have surplus
 money for transportation and off-campus activities.  There is little to do
 in their spare time.
   The school has now begun to charge incoming students tuition which
 precludes many promising artists from applying. In return for this financial
 obligation which students have taken on, they have found that writing, film,
 and some of the sculpture courses have been eliminated.  Many of the Indian
 teachers have been excessed and the school is having problems with
 accreditation which means that students may have problems if they wish to
 continue their education elsewhere towards a BA degree.
   A Healing Circle program has recently been established but in looking at
 the brochure describing it, it sounded more like routine counseling more
 than anything else.  The students I spoke to had not participated in it.
 The expressions of boredom and depression on the faces of these young artists
 remains with me and continues to disturb me.  Since I was visiting with dear
 family friends I was not perceived as an outsider so I know it was not a
 reaction to my being non-Indian.
   According to various sources (Native and non-Indian press) the funding for
 the school was not substantially cut and the question remains "where is the
 money?"  The fact that the new director is not Indian is irrelevant.  The
 fact that she may be incompetent to run this type of  school is.  These
 talented students deserve the best and at this point they are not even
 getting mediocrity.
   Perhaps it is time for three decades worth of alumni as well as the financial
 contributors to make their voices heard.

 Sken:nen kenhak
 Sandy

 --------- "RE: Northwest Job Opportunity" ---------

 Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 08:03:39 -0800
 From: Jim Kraft <jkraft@EOSC.OSSHE.EDU>
 Subj: Job announcement

 Mailing List:    NAT-WORK@VM1.CC.UAKRON.EDU

           Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians
                     POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT

 POSITION:       REGIONAL COORDINATOR, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT.  Affiliated
 Tribes of Northwest Indians, Portland, Oregon.

 RESPONSIBILITIES:
       Responsible for administering economic development program
 of the Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians.  Primary mission is to
 facilitate the advancement of Northwest Tribal Economic Development
 through regional programs.  Secondary focus will be to provide program
 development and proposal writing for general ATNI program support.

 DUTIES
       1.      Responsible for implementing the economic development grant
 provided to ATNI by the Economic Development Administration as well as
 other project grants under the director of the Economic Development
 Committee and/or the Economic Development Corporation.
       2.      To promote and facilitate a better understanding of economic
 development issues challenging individual Indians, Tribes and Native
 American organizations.
       3.      To formulate and implement economic growth and development
 goals and objectives which optimize access to economic opportunities for
 Indian people, which are consistent with individual and Tribal
 sovereignty, cultural values, and self-determination principles.
       4       To assist in the creation and implementation of other activities
 consistent with economic development as assigned.

 QUALIFICATIONS
       Bachelor's degree required (Master's preferred) in Planning,
 business, Economics, Communications or related field.  Applicable
 experience may be substituted for education.  Minimum of three years
 management level experience and demonstrated ability in management of
 economic development organization having multiple grant and membership
 funding sources and broad spectrum of stakeholder groups.  Professional
 level experience in Indian Tribal program development, proposal writing,
 communication and consensus building skills required.  Familiarity with
 microcomputer systems, including accounting, data base, word processing,
 spreadsheet, communications software and hardware.
 STARTING DATE:     January 1, 1997

 SALARY RANGE:      Commensurate with Qualifications - $30,000 to $40,000

 CONTACT:  Submit resume and cover letter and three letters of
           recommendation to:
  Nolee Olson, Director of Administrative Services
  Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians
  222 NW Davis, Suite 403
  Portland, Oregon 97209
  Phone:   503/241-0070   Fax: 503/241-0072

 DEADLINE:                       Until Position is filled.

 REPORTS TO:             Economic Development Corporation, Affiliated Tribes
 of Northwest Indians

 LOCATION:               Lynnwood, Washington

  From over the Blues, the east side!   Jim Kraft: Director, University Center
  /^\/^\/^\/^\/^\/^\/^\/^\/^\/^\/^\/^\/^\/^Eastern Oregon State College
  jkraft@eosc.osshe.edu                    1410 L Ave.   LaGrande, OR  97850
  541-962-3781 fax: 541-962-3668   http://www.eosc.osshe.edu/~jkraft/index.htm

 --------- "RE: Oneida Press Operator Job" ---------

 Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 23:04:00 GMT
 From: umstead@oneida-nation.org (Dan Umstead)
 Subj: Job Opportunity - Oneida Textile Printing  press operator

    Newsgroup: alt.native
                               PRESS OPERATOR

 The Oneida Indian Nation is currently seeking an experienced textile press
 operator to operate automatic and manual presses at Oneida Textile
 Printing.
   Minimum qualifications include High School Diploma or GED, at least three
 to five years experience as a textile press operator, knowledge of press
 set-up, four color process, printing on darks, and tight registration
 multi-color work required.  Ink mixing and Newman Roller Frames experience
 a plus.
   The Oneida Indian Nation offers a competitive salary and an excellent
 fringe benefits package.  Please send a brief cover letter, resume and a
 list of references to:  Oneida Indian Nation, 223 Genesee Street, Oneida,
 NY 13421 or fax to (315) 361-6333.
   "Pursuant to Public Law 93-638, the Indian Self-Determination Act and
 Education Assistance Act and the Indian Civil Rights Act, 25 U.S.C., 1301,
 preference will be given to qualified Native Americans."
   For more information about the textile operation, visit the Nation's Web
 Page at http://one-web.org/oneida/ and follow the link to "Oneida Textile
 Printing".
 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Daniel Umstead                            The Oneida Indian Nation
 Internet Coordinator                        "A Sovereign Nation
 Oneida Indian Nation                                in
 http://one-web.org/oneida/                      Cyber-space!"
 315-361-6300                             http://one-web.org/oneida/
 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

 --------- "RE: Essay Coordinator Sought" ---------

 Date: Tue, 12 Nov 1996 21:44:57 -0700
 From: alq@primenet.com (Al Qoyawayma)
 Subj: Call for Circle of Life Essay Program Coordinator

 Mailing List:    AISESnet Discussion List (aisesnet@victor.umt.edu)

 SEARCH FOR A CIRCLE OF LIFE ESSAY PROGRAM COORDINATOR, YEAR 1997

 PROGRAM COORDINATOR
 The need is immediate.  The 1997 program cannot be implemented without a
 coordinator.  Two ingredients are needed for the Circle of Life Essay
 Program to continue in 1997.  The first is program funding, which was
 confirmed this week.  The second is to find and confirm an AISES volunteer
 Program Coordinator or Manager.  The Program Coordinator will need to spend
 on average 5 to 12 hours a month (depending on the month and the phase in
 the program).  The role of the manager is to initiate and coordinate seven
 program phases:  (1) Essay Program announcements, (2) receipt of essays,
 (3) selection and coordination of AISES essay readers, (4) winner
 announcement/Winds of Change/AISESnet publication coordination, (5)
 coordinate winner trip and presentation at the National Conference, (6)
 financial and administrative management and (7) final report preparation.
 Typing ability and access to the internet would be helpful.

 BRIEF PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
 Last year AISES started a program called the Circle of Life (COL) Essay
 Program.  The announcement for that program is enclosed is attached.  The
 basic idea of the program is to hear the voices of young people.  The
 program solicited American Indian high school students (grades 7-12 across
 the nation to write a 200-500 word essay that describes how they will live
 their life as an adult.  The values, principles, philosophy, etc. are to be
 derived from the student's discussions with their parents, teachers,
 elders, ministers, friends, etc.  The prize for winning was $2000.  We
 believe that when the young person examines this question and writes the
 essay that it will have a measurable positive impact on their future.
 Recent teacher and student comments confirm this.  The first year of
 successful operation is now drawing to a close with the selection of
 Kimberlee Barehand as the top essayist (see the Autumn 1996 Winds of Change
 pages 106-107 or the COL homepage at:
 <http://bioc02.uthscsa.edu/.aises/johnq/COLhome.html>).

 REWARDS
 The rewards are emotional, reading and seeing the results, and knowing that
 you have in a meaningful way made a contribution to the future of young
 people and the American Indian community.  In short, you help to provide a
 commodity in short supply, namely "hope" in an otherwise "grey world".  It
 has been a long term AISES goal to reach youth at the lower grade levels
 and helping them to chart a course for future growth and success.

 CONTACT
 Please contact Al Qoyawayma at (602) 947-1082 or at alq@primenet.com for
 further information or with your questions.

 Attachment-1996 announcement:
 AISES Announces New Student Scholarship

 The Circle of Life Essay Prize
 A new program is planned for 1996 that will result in the conferring of a
 prize for an American Indian high school student, grades 7-12, who best
 describes, in 200 to 500 words, the values that will guide their adult
 lives. These Creator- and God-given inspired values are those most often
 verbalized by the Native person when he or she reflects on the religious
 and cultural traditions, wisdom and life of their relatives, leaders,
 Elders and ancestors. These values are like the spokes of a wheel which
 give strength to our inner and outer circle of life. The essays will be
 read by Elder members of AISES. In the evaluation of the essays, there is
 no single correct answer or statement. The student whose essay most clearly
 expresses the moral, ethical and spiritual responsibilities by which a
 person lives will be awarded a $1,500 scholarship, plus a $500 personal
 cash award. The chosen essayist and a family member escort will be invited
 to the 1996 AISES National Conference in Salt Lake City to receive the
 award.  The essay, along with a short biography on the essayist, will be
 published in Winds of Change and other AISES media. Additional essays
 chosen for publication will receive an individual $250 award.

 Call for Participation
 AISES is calling for participation of all high school students in the
 Circle of Life Essay Program. All high school teachers, especially those
 teaching English composition, are asked to encourage class participation in
 this essay program. Membership in AISES is encouraged, but is not required.
 No application form is necessary. Direct response to this announcement is
 sufficient. The essay will need to state the student's name, address,
 telephone number, name of the high school attended, and the current grade
 level. If the student's essay is chosen, the student will further need to
 supply a copy of their tribal enrollment or Certificate of Indian Blood.
 The postmark deadline for submittal of the essay, in duplicate (two
 copies), will be Monday, April 15, 1996. The winner will be notified and
 their essay published in the Fall 1996 issue of Winds of Change. Starting
 February 1, 1996, essays and the supporting information should be sent to:
 Circle of Life Essay Program * P.O. Box 1992 * Scottsdale, AZ  85252 1992;
 or FAX, Attn: Circle of Life Essay Program * (602) 994-8392.

 Call For Readers
 The Circle of Life Essay Program is in need of volunteer Native American
 readers who are senior members of AISES, Elders, or senior members of the
 educational or professional community. If you wish to be a volunteer
 reader, please contact "Program Coordinator," Circle of Life Essay Program
 (see address above). You will need to be available for reading between
 April 1 and July 20, 1996. A simple essay evaluation procedure and schedule
 is being developed.

 Program Concept
 Winds of Change readers are well aware of the societal and moral conditions
 in America today. The basic concept underlying the essay program is to
 encourage Native American young people to examine how they plan to live
 their adult lives, especially in view of today's Native communities and
 urban life situation. The deterioration we see in America's inner city
 should not be allowed to happen within Native communities. In some cases,
 this deterioration has already occurred. All means must be found and
 exercised to help our youth gain meaning for life and a hopeful vision for
 the future. We all recognize that the youth of our community hold the
 future of Indian society in America. A few years ago at an AISES National
 Conference, the youth leadership expressed the sentiment this way: "We
 ought to be more concerned about America's Gross National Spirit than its
 Gross National Product".

 Community Benefits
 The essay requires the student to explore the universal truths about life
 that transcend modern times or a particular culture. God-given values such
 as love, honesty, forbearance and forgiveness, when put into practice,
 benefit everyone and improve the community around us. These particular
 values and principles are so clear that almost all people can agree that
 they are true; they rank high within all cultures and societies. In today's
 world, parents and teachers struggle with how to get young people to focus
 on values which will help them to mature. Often the parents' admonitions go
 unheeded or result in a negative response. The essay's prize provides a
 positive motivation for the student to voluntarily focus on the values
 which lead to discipline in life. Of course, reflection on life's values at
 an early age means a lot more than just winning money. The Circle of Life
 Essay Program provides a valuable opportunity for students to think about
 and put into words what is in their hearts, and what will be really
 important to them in life.  Finally, the student in the course of writing
 down and personalizing his or her thoughts, will  be far more likely to
 adopt those values in adult life.

 Program Acknowledgment
 AISES wishes to acknowledge the George Bird Grinnell American Indian
 Children's Fund for the initial funding for this essay program. The Fund
 has a long track record supporting AISES and children's issues. Lucille A.
 Echohawk, Pawnee, is president of the Fund. Dr. Henrietta Mann, Cheyenne,
 is vice president, an AISES Elder, and one of the volunteer readers for
 this essay program.

 --------- "RE: Seven Philosophies for a Native American Man" ---------

 Date: 13 Nov 1996 15:23:11 GMT
 From: shupe@vorlon.rchland.ibm.com (Jim Shupe)
 Subj: From a Gathering of Native Men in Colorado.

   Newsgroups: soc.culture.native,alt.native

 Copyright "Winds of Change" Autumn 1996
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Seven Philosophies for a Native American Man
 ============================================
 First Philosophy to the Women
 The cycle of life for the woman is the baby, girl, woman and grandmother.
 These are the four directions of life.  She has been given by natural laws
 the ability to reproduce life.  The most sacred of all things is life.
 Therefore, all men should treat her with dignity and respect.  Never was
 it our way to harm her mentally or physically.  Indian men were never
 abusers.  We always treated our women with respect and understanding.  So
 from now on:
 -- I will treat women in a sacred manner.  The Creator gave women the
    responsibility for bringing new life into the world.  Life is sacred,
    so I will look upon the women in a sacred manner.
 -- In our traditional ways, the woman is the foundation of the family.  I
    will work with her to create a home atmosphere of respect, security
    and harmony.
 -- I will refrain from any form of emotional or physical abuse.  If I have
    these feelings, I will talk to the Creator for Guidance.
 -- I will treat all women as if they were my own female relatives.
 This is my Vow.

 Second Philosophy to the Children
 As an eagle prepares its young to leave the next with all the skills and
 knowledge it needs to participate in life, in the same manner so will I
 guide my children.  I will use the culture to prepare them for life.
   The most important thing I can give to my children is my time.
 I spend time with them in order to learn from them and to listen to them.
   I will teach my children to pray, as well as the importance of respect.
 We are the caretakers of the children for the Creator.  They are His
 children, not ours.
   I am proud of our own Native languages.  I will learn mine if I can and
 help my children to learn it.
   In today's world it is easy for the children to go astray, so I will work
 to provide positive alternatives for them.  I will teach them the culture.
 I will encourage education.  I will encourage sports.  I will encourage
 them to talk with the Elders for guidance; but mostly, I will seek to be
 a role model myself.  I make this commitment to my children so they
 will have courage and find guidance through traditional ways.

 Third Philosophy to the Family
 The Creator gave us the family, which is the place where all teachings are
 handed down from grandparent, to the parent, and to the child.  The children's
 behavior is a mirror of the parents' behavior.  Knowing this, I realize
 the importance for each man to be responsible to the family in order to
 fulfill the need to build a strong and balanced family.  By doing this, I
 will breach the cycle of hurt and ensure the positive mental health of
 the children, even the children yet to be born.  So, from now on:
 -- I will dedicate my priorities to rebuilding my family.
 -- I must never give up and leave my family only to the mother.
 -- I am accountable to restore the strength of my family.  To do this,
    I will nurture our family's spiritual, cultural and social health.
    I will demonstrate trust, respect, honor and discipline; but mostly
    I will be consistent in whatever I do with them.
 -- I will see that the grandparents and community Elders play a significant
    role in the education of my children.
 -- I realize that the male and female together are fundamental to our
    family life.  I will listen to my mate's counsel for our family's
    benefit, as well as for the benefit of my Indian Nation.

 Fourth Philosophy to the Community
 The Indian community provides many things for the family.  The most important
 is the sense of belonging; that is, to belong to "the people," and to have
 a place to go.  Our Indian communities need to be restored to health
 so the future generations will be guaranteed a place to go for culture,
 language and Indian socializing.  In the community, the honor of one is
 the honor of all and the pain of one is the pain of all.  I will work to
 strengthen recovery in all parts of my community.  As a Indian man;
 -- I will give back to my community by donating my time and talents when I
    am able.
 -- I will cultivate friendships with other Indian men for mutual support
    and strength.
 -- I will consider the effects of our decisions on behalf of the next
    seven generations; in this way, our children and grandchildren will
    inherit healthy communities.
 -- I will care about those in my community so that the mind changers,
    alcohol and drugs, will vanish, and our communities will forever
    be free of violence.
 If each of us can do all these things, then others will follow; ours
 will be a proud community.

 Fifth Philosophy to the Earth
 Our Mother Earth is the source of all life, whether it be the plants, the
 two-legged, four-legged, winged ones or human beings.  The Mother Earth
 is the greatest Teacher, if we listen, observe and respect her.  When
 we live in harmony with the Mother Earth, she will recycle the things
 we consume and make them available to our children and to their children.
 As an Indian man, I must teach my children how to care for the Earth
 so it is there for the future generations.  So from now on;
 -- I realize the Earth is our Mother.  I will treat her with honor
    and respect.
 -- I will honor the interconnectedness of all things and all forms
    of life.
 -- I will realize the Earth does not belong to us, but that we belong to
    the Earth.
 -- The natural law is the ultimate authority upon the lands and water.
    I will learn the knowledge and wisdom of the natural laws.  I will
    pass this knowledge on to my children.
 -- The Mother Earth is a living entity that maintains life.  I will
    speak out in a good way whenever I see someone abusing the Earth.
    Just as I would protect my own mother, so will I protect the Earth.
 -- I will ensure that the land, water, and air will be intact for my
    children's children-the unborn.

 Sixth Philosophy to the Creator
 As an Indian man, I realize we make no gains without the Great Spirit
 being in our lives.  Neither I, nor anything I attempt to do, will work
 without our Creator.  Being Indian and being Spiritual have the same
 meaning.  Spirituality is our gift from the Great One.  This day I vow
 to walk the Red Road.
   As an Indian man, I will return to the traditional and spiritual values
 which have guided my ancestors for the past generations.
   I will look with new eyes on the power of our ceremonies and religious
 ways, for they are important to the very survival of our people.
   We have survived and are going to grow and flourish spiritually.  We will
 fulfill our teachings and the purpose that the Creator has given us
 with dignity.
   Each day, I will pray and ask for guidance.  I will commit to walk the
 Red Road, or whatever the spiritual way is called in my own culture.
   If I am Christian, I will be a good one.  If I am traditional I will walk
 this road with dedication.
   If each of us can do these things then others will follow.  From this day
 forward, I will reserve time and energy for spirituality, seeking to know
 the Creator's will.

 Seventh Philosophy to Myself
 I will think about what kind of person I want to be when I am an Elder.
 I will start developing myself now to be this person.
   I will walk with the Great Spirit and the grandfathers at my side.
 I will develop myself to remain positive.  I will develop a good mind.
   I will examine myself daily to see what I did good and what I need to
 improve.  I will examine my strengths and weaknesses, then I will ask
 the Creator to guide me.  I will develop a good mind.
   Each day, I will listen for the Creator's voice in the wind.  I will
 watch nature and ask to be shown a lesson which will occur on my path.
   I will seek out the guiding principles which guided my ancestors.  I
 will walk in dignity, honor and humility, conducting myself as a warrior.
   I will seek the guidance of the Elders so that I may maintain the
 knowledge of culture ceremonies and songs, and so that I may
 pass these on to the future generations.
   I choose to do all these things myself, because no one else can do them
 for me.
   I know I CANNOT GIVE AWAY WHAT I DON'T HAVE, so I will need to learn to
 walk the talk.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 The above text contains my opinions, not IBM's.  Unless otherwise stated.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Nvwhtohiyada,  James T. Waya Gola Shupe  <*>  Database Support, IBM-Roch.
 AFS ID: shupe@rchland            INTERNET: jt_wayagola_shupe@vnet.ibm.com

 --------- "RE: Poem: An Ode to Ego" ---------

 Date: Sat, 16 Nov 1996 10:27:43 -0500
 From: "Rodney D. Coates" <coatesrd@casmail.muohio.edu>
 Subj: An Ode to Ego

   UUCP email

 An ode to EGO
         rodney c//96

 War and violence beacons both night and day.
 Blood and death has become our way.
 Truth and justice have become just words.
 Ignorance and hate fills every action.

 Intolerance for differences become calls for mayhem.
 Riots and destruction randomly pursued.
 Distrust and indifference join apathy and complacency.
 Children morn side their mother's body.

 Torrents of flames engulf this planet,
 peace sold to the highest bidder.
 Planes and tanks, missiles and bullets
 guns and death replace all reason.

 Signs of the times, blame for the moment,
 shame of the hour, hate fills the days.
 Learning to kill, loving to destroy,
 wanting to end what centuries have created.

 Faint dismay from a weary public,
 eyes tired of looking on.
 Morning flames consumed with passion
 another body presented for sacrifice.

 Presidents and kings, premiers and puppets,
 fools all in this game of insanity.
 Kill in the name of Christ, Allah, or any other
 god of our EGO, ego of our destruction.

 Pray to EGO and not to God, build mounds
 of flesh warped in blood.  Ego declares another
 victim, Ego desires another life. Ego decides to
 ignore all reason, Ego worships only death.

 umoja (unity through love, understanding and respect)

 rodney coates
 director of black world studies
 associate professor of sociology
 miami university
 oxford ohio

 --------- "RE: Verse: Hawai'ian Book of Days" ---------

 Date: 96/11/11        21:05
 From: Debra F. Sanders (dfsanders@genie.geis.com)
 Subj: Verse: Hawai'ian Book of Days

   genie email

   A HAWAIIAN BOOK OF DAYS, week of November 24-30

                             NOWEMAPA
                            (November)
                             (Welehu)
                                24
 Let your dreams be a source of inspiration.
                                25
 Be grateful for the ancestors who helped shape your life.
                                26
 In every conversation, it is important to learn to listen.
                                27
 The pearl is a wondrous creation of the sea.
                                28
 We become what we feel.
                                29
 Time is merciful to those who do not worship it.
                                30
 Be as young as you feel in your dreams.

               (c) Copyright 1991 by D. F. Sanders
           Me ke aloha i ka nani, ...  Moe'uhanekeanuenue
              (With love and beauty, ... Rainbow Dream)

 --------- "RE: Conferences and Powwows - offline" ---------

 Date: Thu, 21 November 96 08:00 -0500
 From: Janet Smith (Evening Star) (jans@genie.com)
 Subj: Upcoming conferences and powwows not previously posted
       to Mailing Lists NATCHAT or NATIVE-L

   genie email

 Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 02:59:47 +0000
 From: Rick Raygor <raygor@ties.k12.mn.us>
 Subj: Pow-wow announcement

 St. Paul, Minn. - An estimated 5,000 American Indians from a dozen
 Midwestern states, both coasts and Canada will gather for two days of
 dancing, singing and socializing at the ninth annual powwow at the
 University of St. Thomas Saturday and Sunday, Dec. 14 and 15, 1996.
 People of all races and cultures are welcome to join the festivities. The
 powwow, also open to the public, will be held in the university's
 Coughlan Field House.
    The powwow will be divided into three sessions, each beginning with
 a grand entry. The first session runs from 1 to 5:30 p.m. Saturday, the
 second runs from 7 to 11 p.m. Saturday, and the third runs from noon to
 6 p.m. Sunday.
    Admission is $5 each day of the powwow. Persons under 8 and over 60 are
 admitted free. An estimated 275 to 350 dancers are expected to compete for
 $16,000 in prize money.
    About 20 drum groups, each with six to eight singers, will compete for
 another $5,000. Explanations of the dances will be given throughout the
 powwow. Men, women and boys and girls between 9 and 16 will compete in
 three categories. There also will be a tiny tot category for youngsters
 8 and under.
    Participants from all tribes, nations and color will be welcome to
 join the intertribal dances, which do not require traditional dress or
 previous experience. American Indian art and craft items will be on
 sale at about 30 booths in the field house. Foods, including traditional
 fare such as fry bread, wild rice casserole and corn soup, will be
 available next door in the second-floor student dining room of
 Murray-Herrick Campus Center.
    The powwow is sponsored by St. Thomas. For more information, call
 or contact Dr. Robert Qualls, associate dean of New College at
 St. Thomas and a member of the powwow committee, at (612) 962-5957
 or email raqualls@stthomas.edu
     Visit our information page and download the poster at the URL:
         http://ties.k12.mn.us/~raygor/powwow/pw96info.html
=================================================================
  From Spirit Talk News:

 Nov. 29-30 - Robert, LA, Louisiana Indian Heritage Assn. Fall
              Powwow at the Hidden Oaks Campground.
 Info:  504-436-2011
 Dec. 5-7   - Eugene, OR  Native American Christmas Arts Festival
              at the Oak Way Center
 Dec. 6-8   - San Jose, CA, American Indian Exposition & Sale,
              Santa Clara Fairgrounds.
 Info:  209-221-4335
 Dec. 14    - Davis, CA, Winter Powwow at DQ University.
 Info:  916-577-0470
 Dec. 28    - Santa Fe, NM, Southwestern Assn. for Indian Arts Awards
              Ceremony.
 Info:  505-983-5220
 Dec. 28    - New York, NY, Thunderbird American Indian Dancers Powwow.
              McBurney YMCA
 Info:  201-587-9633
 Dec. 29-30 - Minneapolis, MN, Annual AIM on the Red Road at the
              American Indian Center
 Info:  612-724-3129
 ==========================================================================
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 --//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--
 Notice of Copyright Clearance by Contributors:
 The following have granted permission for their original articles to
 be reposted in order to help mend the Sacred Hoop:
 Brian Hauk, Janet Smith, James T. Waya Gola Shupe, Rodney D. Coates,
 David R. Givers(Open Letter), Debra F. Sanders, Glenn Welker, Al Qoyawayma,
 Bernard J. Rock, Sr. via Feather Eaglerock, David Yohn & Diane Way/Ableza,
 Dan Umstead, Sandy Sunderland, Suzan Horovitch, Laura/Justice for Peltier,
 Andrea Thein, National Commission for Democracy in Mexico, USA, Jim Kraft,
 Marvin and Linda Summerfield/Cherokee Observer, Native Forest Network-ENA,
 Jason R. Terrell via Marvin and Linda Summerfield, Bernadette Chato,
 Larry Innes,
  -//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--//--

  ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
   ~ Part B of this newsletter has already been distributed
     via the NATIVE-L or NATCHAT mailing lists.

 --------- "RE: Conferences and Powwows - online" ---------

 Date: Thu, 21 November 96 08:00 -0500
 From: Janet Smith (Evening Star) (jans@genie.com)
 Subj: Upcoming conferences and powwows already posted
       to Mailing Lists NATCHAT or NATIVE-L

   genie email

 Date: Thu, 14 Nov 1996 07:58:51 EST
 From: usplt@fhlb.com (Pat Talley)
 Subj: Texas Youth Art Contest (November, ages 3-19)
 Mailing List:    NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us)

 6th Annual Heritage Art Contest for American Indian Youth
 In celebration of American Indian Heritage Month during November,
 The American Indian Heritage Center of Texas, Inc. and the Eagle
 Douglas  Family are sponsoring a statewide art contest for
 American Indian youths ages 3 through 19. The contest is a project
 of our creative department, Texas Indian Experience (TIE). TIE
 is devoted to the encouragement and promotion of Texas Indian
 arts and crafts.
   Prizes will include cash, award ribbons, custom framing, gift
 certificates, and other surprises.  The deadline for entries is
 November 30, 1996.  Contest winners will be announced
 December 19, 1996.
   To receive an entry form and for contest rules contact:
 The American Indian Heritage Center of Texas, Inc.
 1450 Preston Forest Square, Suite 294
 Dallas, TX  75230
 214-701-0074

 --------- "RE: Peltier to Judicial Committee" ---------

 Date: Thu, 14 Nov 1996 22:41:59 -0800
 From: bear@epix.net (Laura)
 Subj: Sen Specter re: Peltier to Judicial Committee

 Mailing List:    NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us)

   On 11/13/96, I received a phone call from a staffer at Senator Specter's
 Scranton PA office.  He was doing a followup on the "town meeting," and
 was relaying the message that Mr. Spector did take the statement I read
 seriously (previous subject: an opportunity to advocate for Peltier), and
 had cited my comments (or perhaps just the topic) to a Judicial Committee
 hearing on Oct 23 or 24.  The aide was not very specific, but implied
 that the context of Mr. Spector's reference was relative to the growing
 cynicism of the public toward the U.S government, as in their questioning
 Peltier's case and Ruby Ridge.
   Only the day before that phone call, a letter from Warren Allmand
 (Canadian House of Commons member) reached me, and I was able to refer to
 it to point out to Mr. Spector's aide that the cynicism was more widespread
 than just among the U.S. citizenry.  As Mr. Allmand explained in his
 letter to me, for the first time since 1870, in August 1996 the British
 courts ruled that evidence supporting a U.S. request for extradition (of
 Graham Tomlins) WAS SUSPECT, and REFUSED that extradition.
   My thinking is that the Judicial Committee members who may have heard Mr.
 Specter's comments could use some followup, in the form of cc's of
 whatever letters you have been faxing during this "Week of Action in
 support of Executive Clemency for Leonard Peltier."

 >From "http://www.senate.gov/committee/judiciary.html" the committee members
 are:
       Orin G. Hatch, Utah, Chairman
       Strom Thurmond, South Carolina
       Alan K. Simpson, Wyoming
       Charles E. Grassley, Iowa
       Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania
       Hank Brown, Colorado
       Fred Thompson, Tennessee
       Jon Kyl, Arizona
       Mike DeWine, Ohio
       Spencer Abraham, Michigan
       Joseph R.Biden, Jr., Delaware
       Edward M. Kennedy, Massachusetts
       Patrick J. Leahy, Vermont
       Howell Heflin, Alabama
       Paul Simon, Illinois
       Herb Kohl, Wisconsin
       Dianne Feinstein, California
       Russell D. Feingold, Wisconsin
   The TOLL FREE White house switchboard number(800-962-3524) will allow you
 to connect to ANY of their DC offices, and from there, you can ask for
 their HOME DISTRICT FAX numbers.  (In my conversation with Spector's
 aide, I realized my faxes to the DC office went unnoticed.  As a
 constituent, I should have used his Scranton office, where the volume is
 lower, and therefore, the fax is more likely to be noticed.)
   One sample letter I have been given permission to share, to get you
 started if you haven't already composed and sent your own:

 Dear -------:

 Prisoner Leonard Peltier, as you know, has been having exceptional
 difficulty recently in obtaining his medical records.  This is a
 problem which concerns the many thousands who have been following his
 case for many years. He needs, and is legally entitled to, those records
 in order to make an informed choice about the best procedures of jaw
 surgery which may be necessary.  Each day of delay means unnecessary
 pain.  I appeal to you to take whatever steps may shorten the process of
 obtaining these records -- and, in the interim, I urge you to see to it
 that Mr. Peltier's assigned duties take his health problems into account.
 Obviously, Mr. Peltier's case is an exceptional one -- the worldwide
 attention to its complexities has been very unusual and long-lasting; and
 this scrutiny of what is happening seems to be growing rather than
 diminishing.  This places added responsibility on you and your staff to
 see that this matter is treated justly and without delay.  Thanks for
 considering these remarks.

 Respectfully,

 Faxes should go to Warden Page True, Leavenworth (913-082-0041), Kathleen
 Hawk, Bureau of Prisons (202-514-6878), and Attorney General Janet Reno
 (202-514-4371). (Don't forget to cc the Judicial Committee as listed
 above, ESPECIALLY if one of those named is YOUR state's Senator.  and for
 those who may have wondered, faxes really DO cost less than a stamp.  I
 just checked my last phone bill and was happily surprised...)

 Also, fyi, an 11-14 update was sent to LPSG's and alt.native, which I
 think bears wider posting:

 Peltier Update 11-14

 Leonard Peltier continues to be denied access to the telephone. he was
 given a thirty day phone suspension for making a two minute phone call
 following a visit on 11-4-96. Several guards have told him that they had
 never seen punishment for something so petty before and that he should be
 very cautious because it appeared that he might be set up to look bad
 prior to a decision on the clemency petition.
   Also, the prison will not allow Leonard's paralegal access to him stating
 that they are "updating their records." They need Leonard's attorney to
 return paperwork they claim they sent (the attorney did not receive
 anything) before they can allow this paralegal, who has visited the
 prison dozens of times over the last two years, to visit with Leonard.
 It is vital that the public be made aware of these circumstances! Leonard
 has expressed in letters and verbally that he WILL NOT allow certain
 prison officials and FBI agents to cause him to react negatively. He WILL
 NOT jeopardize his best chance for justice and freedom.

 This is our WEEK OF ACTION. Please phone, fax, write, and e-mail the
 president:

 President Clinton, the White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC
 20500   phone: 202-456-1111 (dial 0 to skip the survey and get an operator)
         fax 202-456-2461

 Attorney General Janet Reno, Dept. of Justice, 10th & Constitution,
 Washington, DC 20530  202-514-2000, fax 202-514-4371

 Call and visit with your elected officials asking that they support
 CLEMENCY. Please let us know the results!

 If you need your representative's fax number, write us and we will try to
 provide it.
 --
 >>>>>>> get involved-learn the truth-spread the truth<<<<<<<
 >>> JUSTICE FOR PELTIER-http://www.unicom.net/peltier/<<<

 --------- "RE: Chippewa Tribe Government Reform" ---------

 Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 12:28:37 -0600
 From: eaglerok@northernnet.com (feather eaglerock)
 Subj: Update 11/19/96 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe Government Reform

 Mailing List:    NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us)

 NEWS RELEASE FROM NORTH CENTRAL MINNESOTA NATIVE AMERICAN VETERANS OUTREACH
 AND RESOURCE CENTER.

 November 19, 1996 Update from Minnesota Chippewa Country
 ---------------------------------------------------

 Statement by the Leech Lake General Council opposes lawyers' efforts to
 hinder federal investigation:
         With new federal subpoenas issued on Leech Lake Reservation General
 Funds and Gaming Accounts , the General council formally opposes any
 further expenditures of tribal funds to suppress the subpoena process or
 use Leech lake resources to pay attorneys for hindering the investigation
 of possible wrongdoing at Leech Lake.
         The General Council feels that any investigation conducted on Leech
 Lake regarding any suspicion of wrongdoing should be welcomed.  If the
 Leech Lake Tribal Council was governed in an honest and open manner, then
 there should be nothing to hide or use attorneys to hinder the process.
         It is the consensus of the General Council that enough money has
 been spent on attorneys to defend the actions of the Leech Lake reservation
 Tribal Council and it is time the Leech Lake Tribal council be held
 accountable to the people of the reservation.
         "We, the General Council, were very concerned about the amount of
 Leech Lake money used to pay for attorneys to respond to wrongdoing by the
 convicted Tribal council leadership.  Now, with these new subpoenas, how
 much is it going to cost the people of Leech Lake?  The thousands and
 thousands of dollars used by attorneys could be going for Headstart,
 elderly nutrition, or our under funded scholarship programs.  If we had
 good, and decent leadership on Leech Lake, we would not have to pay for
 attorneys.  Honest people do not need thousands of dollars to defend
 themselves."
 LEECH LAKE GENERAL COUNCIL
 ---------------------------------------------------
 On Saturday, November 16 the Leech Lake General Council hosted a fundraiser
 pancake feed at the Onigum Community Center.  The funds raised will be used
 for those employees who have not been paid for their services Gerald White,
 Linda Johnston, Martin Jennings and Burton Howard.  These are the
 administrative appointments made by Chairman Eli Hunt

 More fund raisers are planned.
 A new leader is rising; it is not a man or a woman, but a collective force
 of voices joining together in the spirit of compassion and community.  Help
 us, help ourselves.
 ----------------------------------------------------------
 LAND CLAIMS SETTLEMENT
 Due to widespread opposition at the public hearings held recently on Leech
 Lake and Fond du Lac, Attorneys Schoessler and Thorne have reportedly
 cancelled plans to bring their presentation on the land claims settlement to
 all six member reservations of the MCT.

 Voices of the Anishinabeg:
 Kevin Dupuis of Fond du Lac - "We don't want the damned money.  We want our
 land back."

 Darrel Johnson of Leech Lake, Onigum General Council rep - $20 million is
 pretty cheap for our forests."

 Marv Manypenny of White Earth - " You talk about conflict of interst, Mr.
 Schoessler, you were the lead attorney in the land ripoff called WELSA.
 Now you say you're going to come and protect our rights? Gaawiin!"

 Franklin "Doc" LaRose - "We never gave the TEC any authorization to settle
 our land disputes.  We can't let the TEC make any decisions.  The people
 need to make the decisions."

 Dale Hanks of White Earth said any tribal members with hopes of per-capita
 payments should be aware that any such payments "Would not be enough to
 take your family to McDonalds"
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- A December 3 deadline given by the NIGC for resolve licensing dispute or
 Leech Lake Casinos will be shut down.
 -- November 21,  set for sentencing of the Wadena Gang from White Earth, 9
 a.m at the Federal Courthouse in St. Paul.
 -- CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM Meeting set for  NOVEMBER 25, at the Shooting Star
 Casino in Mahnomen, 7 p.m. in the Wigwam Room.  Please bring any materials
 you have that could be used for direction in the Constitutional Reform
 process (Material will be returned).   Agenda Items:  introductions, reform
 process, Constitutional Advisory Committee, community education.
  For information and questions: Call Leah Carpenter at 218-335-7968 or at
 1-800-726-2764 on Wednesday November 20th or Friday November 22.
 --Cleansing Feast Wednesday, November 20, at the Veterans Memorial Pow Wow
 Grounds building at noon.  The General Council will hold their weekly
 meeting prior to the feast and the meeting will begin at 10:00 a.m.
  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Bernard J. Rock, Sr.
 Leech Lake Pillager Band
 Spotted Eagle Warrior Society
 North Central Minnesota Native American Veterans Outreach and Resource Center

 --------- "RE: Save Sacred Site in Oregon" ---------

 Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 02:30:22 GMT
 From: amt@teleport.com
 Subj: Native American Community Struggles to Save Sacred Site in Oregon

 Mailing List:    NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us)

 Anpo Inc.
 PO Box 42608
 Portland, OR 97242

 PRESS RELEASE
 For Immediate Release November 16, 1996
 Contact Mark Lipe (503) 735-0453

 "Native American Community Struggles to Save Sacred Site"
   Logging is scheduled to begin early this week at the Anpo Ceremonial
 Grounds and Cultural Youth Camp, amidst strong protest by Native American
 Community and Spiritual Leaders. Members of the Native American Community
 have committed themselves to strong, non-violent civil disobedience as a
 means of protecting their sacred ceremonial site. Native American Leaders
 feel that logging of these sacred grounds is a violation of their religious
 freedom and vow to see the the sanctity of this site is protected.
   The Anpo Ceremonial grounds and Cultural Youth Camp, located in Eastern
 Oregon in the Mt. Hood National Forest, has been the site of annual
 intertribal ceremonies for the past 14 years. In addition, Anpo Camp serves
 the religious and spiritual needs of a broad spectrum of the Traditional
 Native American Community throughout the year, offering ceremony, retreat,
 and personal counseling. Anpo Camp also serves the needs of Native American
 Youth by offering numerous youth camps designed to teach Native American
 children their traditional ways. The youth camps teach arts & crafts, oral
 traditions, outdoor survival, hunting, fishing, sports, and traditional
 religious practices. The youth camps build a sense of character and
 identity that keeps Native American Youth out of gangs, and off the
 streets.
   Susana Santos, of the Anpo Board of Directors, is outraged at the callous
 disregard for the Native American Children which the U.S. Forest Service
 has shown in its decision to log within their youth camp. Santos says, "The
 decision by the Mount Hood National Forest Service to allow logging in an
 Intertribal Native American Youth and Religious Sanctuary, is child abuse
 and religious persecution. There is simply no way to adequately explain the
 desecration of this youth camp to our children. So, we pose this question
 to the Mt. Hood National Forest Service, would they create public policy to
 log and conduct archaeological desecration through The Boy Scouts or Girl
 Scouts of America camps?" Susana Santos Speaking at Honor the Earth
 Concert, Portland, Oregon
   Thomas Creek Lumber, who bought the rights to this timber sale for $40,000
 is demanding $100,000 from the Native American Community in order to stop
 the impending desecration of this sacred site. Native American Youth are
 calling upon the citizens of Oregon to each send $1 to a fund that will be
 established to pay Thomas Creek the ransom that will save their youth camp.
 A food drive will also be established to help the families of loggers
 prevented from working during the ongoing protests.
   Susana Santos and Milton Sahme will be on scene to answer media questions.
 For directions to Anpo Camp, and Updates, contact Mark Lipe at (503)
 735-0453.

 Please distribute as widely as possible.
 For further information and background on the Anpo issue see
 http://www.teleport.com/~amt/planetpeace/sacred_sites/anpo/
 The Press Release below is located at
 http://www.teleport.com/~amt/planetpeace/sacred_sites/anpo/anpo1116.html

 In the Spirit of Friendship,
 Andrea
 Web-Diva, Planet Peace
 /-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\
  Andrea Thein                              "They had things to SAY.
  Director, Planet Peace                      We had things to DO!"
  First Nations Community Internet Project    --Alvina Lum, Sinixt
  http://www.teleport.com/~amt/planetpeace/  email: amt@teleport.com
 \-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/-\-/

 --------- "RE: US Military Involvement in Chiapas" ---------

 Date: Fri, 15 Nov 1996 21:44:46 -0800
 From: moonlight@igc.apc.org(National Commission for Democracy in Mexico,USA)
 Subj: Action Alert on US military involvement in Chiapas

 Mailing List:    NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us)

 National Commission for Democracy in Mexico
 601 N. Cotton Street, #A103
 El Paso, Texas 79902
 phone/fax: 915-532-8382
 email: moonlight@igc.apc.org
 ACTION ALERT

 November 15, 1996
   The National Commission for Democracy in Mexico is calling on all people
 of conscience to join us in demanding that United States officials be
 accountable for their support for the low-intensity war in Mexico.
   Conditions in Chiapas continue to worsen. Political violence against the
 indigenous communities and NGOs assisting with the peace process continues
 to escalate.
   In the past week three campesinos in Chiapas were killed during an attack
 by state and federal police as well as the Mexican military as a response
 to the campesinos' non-violent protest for higher corn prices.  The
 campesinos were surrounded by the armed forces, which were supported by
 two  helicopters, and which used heavy artillery weapons and tear gas
 grenades against the protesters.
   At the same time CONPAZ, a leading NGO in the efforts to achieve a
 peaceful resolution to the conflict in Chiapas, has been terrorized.  The
 office was ransacked and burned; their administrator, his wife and two
 children were kidnapped and terrorized; and other staff received more than
 20 death threats.
   This violence has brought the peace process to a stand still, and
 threatens to provoke widespread armed engagement. In a recent interview
 Subcomandante Marcos warned that the coming month would be very telling
 with regard to the future of the peace process in Mexico as the government
 must soon decide whether it was opting for the path of war or peace with
 dignity. He further explained that the EZLN was prepared to respond in
 either case.
   We, the United States public, have an obligation to demand that our
 authorities answer to the bloodshed and violence being promoted in
 Chiapas.  The helicopters and weaponry used against the campesinos was
 provided by the United States government.  Another 23 helicopters are
 scheduled for delivery to Mexico this month.
   For this reason, accompanying this action alert is a sample letter
 directed at Secretary of State Warren Christopher and Congressman Tom
 Lantos, head of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus.  We ask that you
 join us in sending personal letters to these two officials, and that you
 also encourage representatives of other local, state and national
 organizations to express their outrage and concern.
   As recent events demonstrate, the equipment being provided under the guise
 of fighting drug trafficking is being used against the people of Mexico in
 violation of  their basic human rights.  The United States government and
 people can not continue to be accessories to murder, torture, rape and
 other political violence.

 The Honorable Warren Christopher
 Secretary of State
 Us Department of State
 Washington, DC 20520

 Dear Mr. Secretary:

 We are gravely concerned about United States continued military support to
 the Mexican government.

 The peace process in Southern Mexico is in jeopardy due to the continued
 violence that has been waged against the indigenous communities and NGOs
 involved in the search for a peaceful solution to the region's conflicts.

 During the past week three campesinos in Chiapas were killed during an
 attack by state and federal police as well as the Mexican military as a
 response to the campesinos' non-violent protest for higher corn prices.
 The campesinos were surrounded by the armed forces, which were supported
 by two  helicopters, and which used heavy artillery weapons and tear gas
 grenades against the protesters.  It is our understanding that these
 helicopters and weaponry have been part of the equipment provided by the
 United States to the Mexican government.

 At the same time CONPAZ, a leading NGO in the efforts to achieve a
 peaceful resolution to the conflict in Chiapas, has been terrorized.  The
 office was ransacked and burned; their administrator, his wife and two
 children were kidnapped and terrorized; and other staff received more than
 20 death threats.

 This violence has brought the peace process to a stand still, and
 threatens to provoke widespread violence and economic turmoil.

 Given these conditions, it is imperative that the United States suspend
 its military support to Mexico, especially the scheduled delivery of 20
 Huey helicopters.  As recent events demonstrate, it is highly probable
 that the equipment being provided under the guise of fighting drug
 trafficking is being used against the people of Mexico in violation of
 their basic human rights.  Yet the great majority of the American people
 are not aware of the conditions in Mexico nor how this aid is being used.
 It is the responsibility of the White House to make a full disclosure of
 United States involvement.

 Specifically we ask that you conduct a thorough investigation and full
 disclosure of the whereabouts and use of all military equipment, weapons,
 and funds provided by the United States to any entity within the Mexican
 government during the past three years.  In addition we ask that you
 provide this information to human rights groups in the United States.

 We look forward to your quick response and action to these grave issues.

 Sincerely,

 cc: Congressman Tom Lantos
     California, 12th District
     Human Rights Caucus Co-Chair
     U.S. House of Representatives
     2217 Rayburn Building
     Washington, DC 20515
     (202) 225-3531
     talk2tom@hr.house.gov

 --------- "RE: Mexico/Quebec Natural Gas Compacts" ---------

 Date: Fri, 15 Nov 1996 12:26:43 -0800
 From: nfnena@igc.apc.org (Native Forest Network-ENA)
 Subject: Mexico/Quebec Natural Gas Compacts threaten Selva Lacandon (Mexico)

 Mailing List:    NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us)

 ALERT from the Native Forest Network:
         MEXICO AND QUEBEC SIGN NATURAL GAS AGREEMENTS
   Reuters news agency reported that on 5 November, 1996 Quebec (Canada)
 government and business organizations signed agreements with Mexico to
 provide support in natural gas technology and financing.
   Organizations signing accords include Hydro Quebec International with
 Mexico's Federal Electricity Commission and the Quebec Association for
 Energy Efficiency with Mexico's Trust for Energy Savings.
   Luc Thibault, vice-president of state-owned power company's America Latina
 Hydro Quebec International said, "The strategic alliance will allow Mexico
 to shift its technological development to foster the use of natural gas."
   Thibault said technical capacity from the province's companies will enable
 Mexico to expand its natural gas production in the face of rising demand.
 (end paraphrase of Reuters release)

   Orin Langelle of the Native Forest Network says of the agreements, "We
 find this alarming.  Hydro Quebec (HQ) is responsible, with their large
 hydroelectric projects in Quebec, for denigrating the environment and
 destroying indigenous culture for years now.  The consequences of HQ
 International making deals with the Mexican government further blackens
 the picture for the indigenous people of Chiapas and could have disastrous
 results to the Selva Lacandon, which appears to be under consideration for
 natural gas extraction."
   The Selva Lacandon is one of North America's last remaining tropical
 rainforests and many of the indigenous people in the region have been
 involved in an uprising under the banner of Zapatista National Liberation
 Army (EZLN).
   In a documentary and fact finding expedition to Chiapas in April of 1996,
 Langelle and members of the Native Forest Network interviewed John Ross,
 Mexican journalist and author of "Rebellion from the Roots."  Ross was
 interviewed in the EZLN rebel territory of La Realidad.  When asked of
 petroleum finds in the Selva Lacandon, Ross said, "Oil is an issue but
 it's not quite oil.  From what we've been able to determine it seems to be
 much more a question of natural gas, which goes hand in hand with oil.
 Where you find oil, you find natural gas.  Mexico is committed to convert
 to natural gas by 1998 and a lot of infrastructure investment depends on
 developing new natural gas deals."
   Ross explains, "On...the west side of the jungle where the Zapatista
 conflict is taking place, there are a number of drilling stations and
 they're all capped, which has always led us to wonder what was going on
 here.  Particularly, the station that I site in articles I've written
 recently is the Na Suret station, which is four holes that were drilled
 in 1990 and 1991 in the Sierra Corralchen.  The jungle is divided into
 canyons or canadas and so its in the canada on the other side of the
 mountains of the Sierra Corralchen.  It is interesting to us that the
 first confrontation between the Mexican military and the EZLN took
 place... (in) May of 1993, six or seven months before the rebellion
 actually exploded and (the first confrontation) took place on the road to
 the Na Suret drilling station, which is protected by military troops.
 Most PEMEX exploration stations are protected by troops.  The troops that
 actually participated in the confrontation had been brought into the
 area."
   Ross continues, "Oil is national security property in Mexico, so it's
 natural that that confrontation would have taken place in and around that
 area.  They were clearly worried about that well.  As I say the wells were
 drilled in 1990, 1991 and capped and it has always puzzled us as to why
 they were (there)...NaSuret wasn't producing more than 400 barrels of oil
 a day when it was capped.  But it was producing well over a million cubic
 feet of natural gas each day.  We have this tendency to think that
 petroleum is the whole game.  A million feet is not the biggest find in
 the world but it indicates that there's more stuff around."
   "The problem is of course you can't get petroleum or natural gas out of
 where it is unless you have some infrastructure built and it's really
 difficult to build infrastructure in the middle of a rebellion.  So the
 social problems in this area have in a sense restricted this exploitation
 of petroleum," said Ross.

 Information via:

 NATIVE FOREST NETWORK
 Eastern North America Resource Center
 POB 57
 Burlington, VT  05402  USA
 phone: (802)863-0571
 Fax:   (802)863-2532
 Email  nfnena@igc.apc.org
 Thanks to Friends of Nitassinan for Reuters information

 --------- "RE: Innu Nation Environmental Job" ---------

 Date: Thu, 14 Nov 1996 07:58:58 -0400
 From: es051322@orion.yorku.ca (Larry Innes)
 Subj: Job Opportunity: Innu Nation Environmental Advisor

 Mailing List:    NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us)

 Job Opportunity:
 INNU NATION ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISOR
   The Innu Nation has an immediate need for an Environmental Advisor.
 The workload is incredible but so are the opportunities. The successful
 candidate will work directly with the Directors of Innu Rights and
 Environment and the Innu Nation land rights negotiation team in the areas
 of environmental research, analysis and policy development. The
 Environmental Advisor will research, document and analyze current and
 planned development activities in Innu territory, and will assist the Innu
 Nation in developing strategic responses to these developments.
   You must be self-motivated and good at working independently and as a
 member of a team. A willingness to listen and learn, and a good sense of
 humour, are definite assets. The successful candidate will be respectful
 and supportive of Innu decision-making processes, and have the ability to
 offer advice without pushing your views or recommendations too strongly.
 You must be able to work in an atmosphere where too much work is faced by
 too few people in a non-traditional office environment, and have the
 ability to make progress on long term projects while responding to
 immediate needs. A flexible lifestyle and the ability to travel frequently
 on short notice is also required.
   An awareness of Aboriginal issues and aspirations, and a demonstrated
 commitment to Aboriginal rights, environmental protection and social
 justice are necessary prerequisites. Candidates must also possess excellent
 research and analysis skills, effective communication and organizational
 abilities, and the ability to quickly and accurately assess information
 while working in a very demanding and turbulent environment. Specialized
 technical knowledge is not required, but critical thinking and
 problem-solving abilities and a sound foundation in basic environmental
 science, research and policy are essential. Candidates should have sound
 knowledge and familiarity with environmental impact assessments and an
 awareness of the current environmental issues in Innu territory. Past
 policy development, computer-based research and GIS experience would be
 definite assets, and the ability to make efficient use of computers to
 prepare documents, press releases, etc. is essential. Previous work
 experience in northern Aboriginal communities or in cross-cultural contexts
 will be favourably considered.
   The successful candidate will be willing to make a long-term commitment to
 the Innu Nation, and be able to relocate to Sheshatshiu, an Innu community
 approximately 40 km northeast of Goose Bay, in January 1997. The salary
 will range according to experience from $30,000 to $40,000. The Innu Nation
 offers excellent vacation benefits and a progressive workplace environment.
 Applications from Aboriginal persons are encouraged.
   Interested individuals should forward their resumes, references, and a
 cover letter explaining their interest in the position to Mr. Larry Innes,
 Innu Nation Main Office, PO Box 119, Sheshatshiu, Labrador, A0P 1M0. Faxes
 may be directed to (709) 497-8396. Relevant examples of your  work would
 also be helpful. More information about the position can be obtained by
 telephone at (709) 497-8398. Candidates are also encouraged to visit our
 WWW site at http://www.web.net/~innu.

 Applications should be received no later than Wednesday, December 4th, 1996.

 Larry Innes                              Visit the Innu Nation WWW site:
 Environmental Advisor                          http://www.web.net/~innu
 Innu Nation
 P.O. Box 119, Sheshatshiu, Labrador, Canada A0P 1M0
 phone: (709) 497-8398     email: innuenv@web.net     fax: (709) 497-8396
 \/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=\/=

 --------- "RE: Native America Calling" ---------

 Date: Fri, 15 Nov 1996 08:54:23 -0700 (MST)
 From: Bernadette Chato <chato@unm.edu>
 Subj: Schedule for Native America Calling

 Mailing List:    NATIVE-L (native-l@gnosys.svle.ma.us)

 Here's the latest schedule for *Native America Calling.* Since we produce
 a new show every day, we are always looking for knowledgeable people
 (preferably Native Americans) to be guests on our show. If you have a
 recommendation for a guest after reading the topics for upcoming shows,
 please e-mail our producer directly at harlan@unm.edu. Your help is
 appreciated.
   A list of stations follows the schedule. If you want to find out more
 about coverage in your area, please follow instructions given.

 Thanks. BC
 ======================================================================
 TO:     PROGRAM DIRECTORS, GENERAL MANAGERS
 FR:     NATIVE AMERICA CALLING
 DT:     NOVEMBER 14, 1996
 RE:     SCHEDULE FOR NATIVE AMERICA CALLING,
         NOVEMBER 18 - 22, 1996
 NATIVE AMERICA CALLING, the first national call-in radio program
 to focus on Native issues, began daily one-hour feeds on 6/5/95.
 Feed Time:              M - F, 1300 - 1359 ET
 Channel Info:   Frequency B68.2
                         Galaxy 4, Transponder B
 Broadcast Rights:
 Each program is designed for live use. The fee to carry NATIVE
 AMERICA CALLING is determined on whether the station is a member
 of AIROS. There is a set fee for AIROS members; if not a member,
 fee is based on station's annual revenue.
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
  **** P R O G R A M    S U B J E C T    T O    C H A N G E ****
            Watch the DACS or your FAX for updates!!
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 HOSTS:  TOM BEAVER
 PROGRAM SCHEDULE for 11/18 - 11/22:
 MON - 11/18:  INTERNET MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION:  IN
 THIS DAY AND AGE OF OBTAINING INSTANT NEWS STRAIGHT OFF THE
 INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY, ARE WE SACRIFICING CONVENIENCE FOR
 ACCURACY?  ALTHOUGH THIS IS A POWERFUL FORM OF COMMUNICATION FOR
 TODAY'S SOCIETY, IT CAN BE DETRIMENTAL WHEN IRRESPONSIBLE
 INDIVIDUALS VENTURE INTO CYBERSPACE.  JOIN US AS WE DISCUSS
 INTERNET MISINFORMATION AND DISINFORMATION WITH OUR GUEST GARY
 TRUJILLO, LISTOWNER OF NativeNet.

 TUE - 11/19:  CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT:  USING OUR CULTURE TO
 CONTROL STATE AND FEDERAL PROGRAMS IS ONE WAY WE CAN BOOST OUR
 TRIBAL ECONOMIES.  THE FIRST NATIONS DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
 AWARDS GRANTS TO ALASKAN COMMUNITIES WHO MANAGE NATURAL
 RESOURCES BASED ON THEIR TRADITIONS.  HOW CAN OTHER NATIVE
 SOCIETIES USE THIS PLAN TO ENHANCE THEIR COMMUNITIES?  JOIN US
 AS WE LOOK AT HOW THESE TRIBES ARE MANAGING.  GUESTS INCLUDE
 PROGRAM OFFICER FOR THE EAGLE STAFF FUND, ANNA KRISKA.
 WED - 11/20:  INVASION OF NATIVE-OWNED AIRSPACE:  ONCE AGAIN OUR
 SPACE IS BEING SACRIFICED FOR THE SAKE OF TOURISM.  EACH DAY,
 SWARMS OF HELICOPTERS AND SCENIC FLIGHTS SOAR OVER THE GRAND
 CANYON, VIOLATING AIRSPACE WHICH BELONGS TO FOUR TRIBES;
 HAVASUPAI, HUALAPAI, NAVAJO AND KAIBAB-PAIUTE.  TO DATE, THE
 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION HAS NOT NEGOTIATED WITH ANY OF
 THE TRIBES ON THIS ISSUE.  HOW MUCH OF A FIGHT WILL THESE TRIBES
 HAVE TO PUT UP BEFORE DISCUSSIONS ARE UNDERWAY? GUESTS INCLUDE
 CISNEY HAVATONE, DIRECTOR OF THE HUALAPAI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
 RESOURCES.
 THU - 11/21:  TBA.
 FRI - 11/22:  WELLNESS EDITION/DIAL-A-DOC: DO YOU EVER WONDER
 WHAT DOCTORS ENCOUNTER ON A DAILY BASIS?  WHETHER THAT LITTLE
 "PROBLEM" THAT'S BEEN PLAGUING YOU IS REALLY THAT COMMON?  NOW'S
 YOUR CHANCE TO FIND OUT FIRST-HAND JUST WHAT OUR DOCTORS REALLY
 ARE DEALING WITH EACH DAY.  IT'S ALSO YOUR CHANCE TO GET FREE
 MEDICAL ADVICE OVER THE PHONE OR SHARE YOUR OWN REMEDY!  JOIN
 SHARON McCONNELL AS SHE HOSTS THE NEXT WELLNESS EDITION OF
 NATIVE AMERICA CALLING.
      * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
      *                    N O T I C E                      *
      *      O F   S P E C I A L   P R O G R A M M I N G    *
      *                                                     *
      *   AIROS will feed a special two-part series titled  *
      * "HGDP: Voices of Concern," produced by Joseph Leon. *
      *   This series examines the Human Genome Diversity   *
      *      Project. Each part is 29 minutes in length.    *
      *  Feed times: Nov 26 - 1200-1259 EST & 1800-1859 EST *
      *              Dec 3  - 1200-1259 EST                 *
      *       Frequency B68.2, Galaxy 4, Transponder B      *
      *                                                     *
      *     NATIVE AMERICA CALLING will have a follow-up    *
      *    discussion on Tuesday, December 3 at 1300 EST    *
      * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
   *Native America Calling* is produced and directed by Harlan
 McKosato (Sac and Fox from Oklahoma).  Tom Beaver (Muscogee
 Creek from Minnesota) is Host/Associate Producer, Features
 Producer/Editor is Bernadette Chato (Navajo from New Mexico),
 and Michelle Cody (Navajo from Arizona) serves as Associate
 Producer.
   *NAC* is a production of Native American Public
 Telecommunications, Inc.  Offices for *Native America Calling*
 are located in Albuquerque, New Mexico.  The program is produced
 at the studios of KUNM at the University of New Mexico.  The
 staff of *Native America Calling* can be reached at 505-277-5201
 or by fax at 505-277-4286.  Address correspondence to PO Box
 40164, Albuquerque, NM  87196, or e-mail to native@unm.edu.
   For information on how your local public radio station can carry
 the program, call John Belindo, AIROS at 1-800-571-6885 or e-
 mail to his attention to jbelindo@unlinfo.unl.edu.
 =================================================================
            RADIO STATIONS AIRING *NATIVE AMERICA CALLING*
                      Produced in Albuquerque, NM
         KABR  1500 AM   Alamo, New Mexico
         KBRW   680 AM   Barrow, Alaska
         KBSU   730 AM   Boise, Idaho
         KCIE  90.5 FM   Dulce, New Mexico
         KCUK  88.1 FM   Chevak, Alaska
         KEYA  88.5 FM   Belcourt, North Dakota
         KGHR  91.5 FM   Tuba City, Arizona
         KGLP  91.7 FM   Gallup, New Mexico
         KGVA  88.1 FM   Harlem, Montana
         KIDE  91.3 FM   Hoopa, California
         KILI  90.1 FM   Porcupine, South Dakota
         KNBA  90.3 FM   Anchorage, Alaska
         KNSA   930 AM   Unalakleet, Alaska
         KOTZ   720 AM   Kotzebue, Alaska
         KRCL  90.9 FM   Salt Lake City, Utah
         KSKA  91.1 FM   Anchorage, Alaska
         KSKO   870 AM   McGrath, Alaska
         KSUT  91.3 FM   Ignacio, Colorado
         KTDB  89.7 FM   Pinehill, New Mexico
         KUNM  89.9 FM   Albuquerque, New Mexico
         KWSO  91.9 FM   Warm Springs, Oregon
         KYUK   640 AM   Bethel, Alaska
         WYRU  1160 AM   Red Springs, North Carolina
      Most stations carry *Native America Calling* live at 1300-1359
 Eastern Time. However some stations opt to air the program on tape delay.
 Call the particular station for broadcast time.
      If you do not see a station listed for your area, consider calling
 your local public radio station to ask if they could carry it. The rates
 are VERY reasonable. Information, including rates and a demo tape, on
 *Native America Calling* can be obtained by calling John Belindo,
 manager, American Indian Radio on Satellite Network (AIROS) at
 1-800-571-6885.
                                  # # #
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Bernadette Chato, Features Producer        Snail Mail:  PO Box 40164
         NATIVE  AMERICA  CALLING               Albuquerque, NM  87196
 The Nation's 1st Electronic Talking Circle  505-277-5354/FAX 505-277-4286
      Heard on public radio stations!           E-mail:  chato@unm.edu